本文選題：高鐵無(wú)線通信網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 高鐵隧道信道模型��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：作為第五代(5thGeneration,5G)移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)的典型應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景,高速移動(dòng)場(chǎng)景(譬如:高鐵無(wú)線通信場(chǎng)景)正備受關(guān)注。伴隨高鐵的迅猛發(fā)展,高鐵通信系統(tǒng)也快速發(fā)展起來。高鐵中乘客密集且用戶的通信需求不斷增加,因而會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的無(wú)線通信數(shù)據(jù),而這些數(shù)據(jù)傳輸已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過目前高鐵通信系統(tǒng)的承受能力,因此,亟需提出一種可以提供較高網(wǎng)絡(luò)容量和可靠通信服務(wù)的新一代高鐵通信系統(tǒng)。高鐵在實(shí)際運(yùn)行過程中會(huì)遇到諸多不同場(chǎng)景,如開闊場(chǎng)景、高架橋、路塹場(chǎng)景、車站及隧道場(chǎng)景等。對(duì)于高鐵隧道場(chǎng)景而言,由于其自身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),使得無(wú)線信號(hào)在高鐵隧道內(nèi)的傳輸不同于在其他幾種場(chǎng)景中的傳輸。為了設(shè)計(jì)和評(píng)估未來高鐵隧道無(wú)線通信系統(tǒng),一個(gè)能夠準(zhǔn)確描述高鐵隧道大尺度和小尺度特性的信道模型是不可或缺的。現(xiàn)有的隧道模型研究主要側(cè)重于大尺度衰落特性分析,而忽略了小尺度衰落特性。因此,考慮到目前仍然缺少準(zhǔn)確、全面的高鐵隧道信道模型和相應(yīng)的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性分析,本博士課題將致力于研究非平穩(wěn)的多輸入多輸出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)高鐵隧道信道模型。本論文中,我們首次全面地綜述了高鐵隧道場(chǎng)景信道建模,歸納了一些目前已開展的隧道信道測(cè)量工作,總結(jié)了基于不同建模方法的信道模型,并列出了現(xiàn)有的隧道信道特性。結(jié)合高鐵隧道場(chǎng)景的有限可視性、空間狹長(zhǎng)性特點(diǎn)以及產(chǎn)生的波導(dǎo)效應(yīng)等,我們將著重從以下幾方面開展高鐵隧道信道建模工作。首先,考慮俯仰角的影響,更加形象、準(zhǔn)確地描述高鐵三維(3Dimentional,3D)隧道信道模型,彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有的二維(2 Dimentional,2D)信道模型之不足。其次,引入高鐵隧道信道的非平穩(wěn)特性。接收端的快速移動(dòng)會(huì)帶來較大的多普勒頻移,這使得傳統(tǒng)的信道廣義平穩(wěn)的假設(shè)不再成立。然后,考慮到隧道內(nèi)存在大量的反射、散射等傳播機(jī)制,我們首次采用單次反射(Single-bounced,SB)和多次反射(Multiple-bounced,MB)相結(jié)合的方式來建模隧道內(nèi)信號(hào)的傳輸。最后,側(cè)重研究小尺度信道特性。現(xiàn)有的隧道信道建模主要針對(duì)大尺度衰落研究,簡(jiǎn)化了小尺度衰落特性分析。但小尺度衰落特性對(duì)于無(wú)線系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)也是至關(guān)重要的,因而不容忽視�；谏鲜鰩c(diǎn),我們需要提出一種新型的高鐵隧道信道模型來準(zhǔn)確地描述高鐵隧道信道特性。從確定性建模的角度,我們首次提出采用模式方法建模高鐵隧道信道,分析了一些小尺度信道特性的影響及功率分布情況等�；诂F(xiàn)有的多模分布模型,我們擴(kuò)展提出了時(shí)間相關(guān)的多模信道模型。基于所提模型,研究了信道內(nèi)一系列相關(guān)的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性,如:時(shí)間自相關(guān)(Autocorrelation Function,ACF)、功率譜密度(Power Spectrum Density,PSD)及功率分布情況等。同時(shí),還研究了不同工作頻率、隧道尺寸、模式情況對(duì)ACF的影響等。此外,基于高鐵隧道射線追蹤模型,我們分析了不同參數(shù),例如載波頻率、隧道尺寸、隧道形狀和天線極化等對(duì)隧道內(nèi)信號(hào)傳輸功率的影響。從隨機(jī)建模的角度,考慮到隧道的尺寸、形狀等均會(huì)對(duì)隧道內(nèi)信號(hào)的傳輸產(chǎn)生一定影響,提出了基于幾何特性的隨機(jī)信道模型。對(duì)于長(zhǎng)方形或馬蹄形隧道,將傳播空間抽象為一個(gè)長(zhǎng)方體。假設(shè)在封閉的長(zhǎng)方體隧道空間中,存在著大量的散射體隨機(jī)分布在隧道內(nèi)壁上。結(jié)合WINNER模型的建模方法和隧道本身的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),將隧道內(nèi)的散射體分布轉(zhuǎn)化為一系列的簇隨機(jī)分布在隧道內(nèi)部�；谠摻Ｋ悸�,考慮隧道內(nèi)SB和MB的情況,提出了 3D非平穩(wěn)寬帶幾何隨機(jī)理論信道模型。然后,分別對(duì)水平和俯仰角采用修正的等面積法(Modified Method of Equal Area,MMEA)得到離散角度值,提出相應(yīng)的仿真模型。最后,基于所提模型,研究了隧道信道模型的一系列統(tǒng)計(jì)特性,分析了信道的非平穩(wěn)特性,并通過測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)所提模型進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。現(xiàn)有的高鐵隧道中,圓形或拱形隧道也占據(jù)了一定比例�？紤]將拱形或圓形隧道近似抽象為圓柱體來進(jìn)行建模,簡(jiǎn)化計(jì)算,開展基于簇分布的信道建模。首先,隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生一組初始的簇角度均值,通過角度均值和圓柱體聯(lián)合確定簇的位置。一旦角度確定,簇的位置坐標(biāo)即可得到。此時(shí),發(fā)送端、接收端和簇的位置坐標(biāo)都可確定,所有的信道信息均可得到,如到達(dá)角、離開角、時(shí)延和傳播距離等,從而得到3D的非平穩(wěn)寬帶圓形隧道信道模型。此外,考慮到水平和俯仰角的相互關(guān)系,采用等體積法(Method of Equal Volume,MEV)對(duì)水平和俯仰角進(jìn)行聯(lián)合估計(jì),提出了相應(yīng)的仿真信道模型�；谒嵝诺滥Ｐ�,研究了信道的一些小尺度衰落特性,最后,將所提信道模型特性與測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。綜上所述,我們考慮到隧道內(nèi)俯仰角的影響,采用3D隧道信道建模,并且通過SB和MB的情況體現(xiàn)隧道內(nèi)的多次反射、散射等,采用角度時(shí)變特性來建模高鐵隧道信道的非平穩(wěn)特性,提出理論和仿真信道模型,并通過測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。本文所提的隧道信道模型,對(duì)于5G移動(dòng)通信系統(tǒng)中高鐵隧道系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)、測(cè)試和性能評(píng)估分析等,都具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:As the typical application scene of the fifth generation (5thGeneration, 5G) mobile communication system, high speed mobile scene (such as high speed wireless communication scene) is being paid much attention. With the rapid development of high speed rail, the high-speed rail communication system is also developing rapidly. The data transmission has far exceeded the capacity of the current high-speed communication systems. Therefore, it is urgent to propose a new generation of high-speed communication systems that provide high network capacity and reliable communication services. High speed rail will encounter many different scenes in the actual operation, such as open scene, viaduct, cutting scene, station For the high speed tunnel scene, because of its own structural characteristics, the transmission of wireless signals in the high speed railway tunnel is different from that in several other scenes. In order to design and evaluate the wireless communication system of the future high speed tunnel, a channel that can accurately describe the large and small scale characteristics of the high speed tunnel. The model is indispensable. The existing study of tunnel model mainly focuses on the analysis of large scale fading characteristics and neglects the small scale fading characteristics. Therefore, considering the lack of accurate, comprehensive high speed tunnel channel model and the corresponding statistical characteristics analysis, the PhD topic will be devoted to the study of non-stationary multiple input and multiple output (M Ultiple-Input Multiple-Output, MIMO) high speed tunnel channel model. In this paper, we first comprehensively summarized the scene channel modeling of high speed railway tunnel, summed up some existing tunnel channel measurement, summed up the channel model based on different modeling methods, listed the existing tunnel channel characteristics, combined with the high speed tunnel. The finite visibility of the scene, the spatial slit and the waveguide effect and so on, we will focus on the modeling of the tunnel in the following several aspects. Firstly, considering the influence of the pitch angle, the 3Dimentional (3D) channel model of the high speed railway is described more accurately, and the existing two dimensional (2 Dimentional, 2D) letter is made up. Secondly, the non-stationary characteristics of the high speed tunnel channel are introduced. The fast movement of the receiver will bring a larger Doppler shift, which makes the traditional hypothesis of the broad sense of the channel no longer established. Then, we take a single reflection (Single-bounced) for the first time considering the existence of a large number of reflection and scattering mechanisms in the tunnel. SB) and multiple reflection (Multiple-bounced, MB) are combined to model the transmission of the signal in the tunnel. Finally, the characteristics of the small scale channel are focused on. The existing tunnel channel modeling is mainly aimed at the large scale fading research, which simplifies the analysis of the small scale fading characteristics. However, the small scale fading characteristic is also critical to the design of the wireless system. As a result, we need to put forward a new high speed tunnel channel model to accurately describe the channel characteristics of the high speed tunnel. From the deterministic modeling point of view, we first propose a model method to model the high speed tunnel channel, and analyze the influence of a few small scale channel characteristics and the power distribution situation. Based on the existing multimode distribution model, we extend the time dependent multimode channel model. Based on the proposed model, we study a series of related statistical properties in the channel, such as Autocorrelation Function (ACF), power spectral density (Power Spectrum Density, PSD) and power distribution. In addition, based on the ray tracing model of high speed railway tunnel, we analyze the influence of different parameters, such as the carrier frequency, tunnel size, tunnel shape and antenna polarization on the transmission power in the tunnel. From the angle of random modeling, we consider the size and shape of the tunnel, and so on. A random channel model based on geometric characteristics is proposed for the transmission of signals in the tunnel. For rectangular or horseshoe tunnel, the propagation space is abstracted as a rectangular body. It is assumed that there are a large number of scatterers distributed along the inner wall of the tunnel in the closed rectangular tunnel space. The WINNER model is combined with the model. The scattering body distribution in the tunnel is transformed into a series of random distribution in the tunnel. Based on the modeling idea, the SB and MB in the tunnel are considered, and the 3D non-stationary broadband geometric random theory channel model is proposed. Then, the modified equal area method is adopted for the level and pitch angle. Modified Method of Equal Area, MMEA) obtained the discrete angle value and put forward the corresponding simulation model. Finally, based on the proposed model, a series of statistical characteristics of the tunnel channel model are studied, the non-stationary characteristics of the channel are analyzed, and the model is verified by the measured data. In the existing high speed tunnel, the circular or arched tunnel is also occupied. According to a certain proportion, the arch or circular tunnel is considered as a cylinder to be modeled, and the channel modeling based on the cluster distribution is simplified. First, a set of initial cluster angle mean is randomly generated, and the position of the cluster is determined by the angle mean and the cylinder. The position coordinates of the cluster can be obtained by the denier angle. The location coordinates of the transmitter, the receiver and the cluster can be determined, and all the channel information can be obtained, such as the angle of arrival, the departure angle, the time delay and the propagation distance, and so on, the 3D non-stationary broadband circular tunnel channel model is obtained. In addition, the equal volume method (Method of Equal Volume, MEV) is used to take into account the relationship between the level and the pitching angle. Based on the proposed channel model, some small scale fading characteristics of the channel are studied based on the proposed channel model. Finally, the characteristics of the proposed channel model and the measured data are verified. In summary, we take into account the influence of the tunnel elevation angle in the tunnel, and use the 3D tunnel channel modeling, and pass through the channel model. The situation of SB and MB reflects the multiple reflection and scattering in the tunnel, and uses the angle time-varying characteristic to model the non-stationary characteristics of the high speed tunnel channel. The theoretical and simulation channel models are proposed and verified by the measurement data. The tunnel channel model proposed in this paper is designed, tested and sexed for the high speed railway tunnel system in the 5G mobile communication system. It is of great significance to be able to evaluate and analyze.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U285.2;TN92
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本文編號(hào)：1923191