本文選題：頁巖壓裂 + 聲發(fā)射��； 參考：《東北石油大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以不同脆性頁巖壓裂裂縫擴(kuò)展產(chǎn)生的聲發(fā)射信號(hào)為切入點(diǎn),通過對(duì)聲發(fā)射信號(hào)進(jìn)行小波分析與判別刻畫出不同脆性頁巖壓裂裂縫相互作用發(fā)生張性破裂、剪切破裂與混合破裂的內(nèi)在規(guī)律。課題的具體研究工作與研究成果包括如下幾個(gè)方面:首先,研究了頁巖儲(chǔ)層多尺度裂縫分布的多重分形描述方法,建立了考慮多尺度天然裂縫分布的頁巖巖體脆性指數(shù)表征方法。結(jié)合小波分析方法開展巖體破裂聲發(fā)射源的三維定位研究。將新的脆性指數(shù)引入到聲發(fā)射傳播波動(dòng)方程中,建立了裂縫擴(kuò)展聲發(fā)射傳播波動(dòng)方程與矩張量判別方法。其次,開展了巖體破裂與聲發(fā)射信號(hào)聯(lián)測試驗(yàn),根據(jù)不同脆性巖體破裂的聲發(fā)射傳播特性,結(jié)合矩張量判別方法,研究了不同脆性頁巖巖體的破裂規(guī)律,研究結(jié)果表明:巖體脆性強(qiáng)度較小時(shí),聲發(fā)射響應(yīng)時(shí)間分散,巖體呈延變式破裂,且多以單一破裂面為主,聲發(fā)射現(xiàn)象集中在規(guī)則破裂面周圍。當(dāng)巖體脆性強(qiáng)度較大時(shí),聲發(fā)射響應(yīng)時(shí)間集中,巖體呈突變式破裂,巖體破裂呈現(xiàn)多樣化,出現(xiàn)多個(gè)破裂面,聲發(fā)射在巖體內(nèi)多區(qū)域分布,破裂既有阻尼特征的塑性破裂,又有多模態(tài)的脆性破裂。再次,基于聲發(fā)射計(jì)數(shù)定義壓裂巖體破裂與裂縫演化的損傷變量,基于聲發(fā)射響應(yīng)特征建立了壓裂巖體損傷破裂的折迭突變模型。根據(jù)能量釋放與聲發(fā)射波動(dòng)方程,研究了巖體壓裂裂縫演化與聲發(fā)射行為的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。最后,開展了頁巖水力壓裂與聲發(fā)射聯(lián)測試驗(yàn),基于聲發(fā)射矩張量方法研究了不同脆性頁巖天然裂縫與水力裂縫相互作用的情況。研究結(jié)果表明,裂縫縫網(wǎng)是在天然裂縫與水力裂縫相互作用下,裂縫發(fā)生張性破裂、剪切破裂與混合破裂共存的作用結(jié)果。天然裂縫的存在不僅擾動(dòng)了水力裂縫由張性演化擴(kuò)展模式向剪切、混合演化擴(kuò)展模式轉(zhuǎn)變,同時(shí)也誘導(dǎo)了天然裂縫自身端部的剪切裂縫演化擴(kuò)展模式的產(chǎn)生,增加了裂縫演化擴(kuò)展破裂面的復(fù)雜程度與縫網(wǎng)復(fù)雜性計(jì)算的難度。且頁巖巖體的脆性特征對(duì)裂縫間的作用行為具有控制作用。從聲發(fā)射的角度,揭示了巖體脆性越強(qiáng),越容易形成縫網(wǎng)的一般規(guī)律�？傊�,從巖體破裂的聲發(fā)射特征出發(fā),研究不同脆性頁巖壓裂水力裂縫與天然裂縫相互作用時(shí),裂縫破裂方式的一般規(guī)律。該課題的選題與研究內(nèi)容為頁巖壓裂巖體損傷破裂行為與裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系演化機(jī)制研究開辟了新的思路與研究方法,對(duì)清晰認(rèn)識(shí)頁巖壓裂裂縫網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系形成規(guī)律具有重要意義與學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值,為后續(xù)基于聲發(fā)射參數(shù)及波形特征的頁巖壓裂儲(chǔ)層改造效果評(píng)價(jià)及壓裂施工與參數(shù)優(yōu)化研究奠定科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the acoustic emission signals produced by fracture propagation of different brittle shale fracturing are taken as the starting point. By wavelet analysis and discrimination of acoustic emission signals, the tensile fracture of fracturing fractures in different brittle shale fracturing is characterized by wavelet analysis and discrimination. The inherent law of shear fracture and mixed fracture. The specific research work and research results include the following aspects: firstly, the multifractal description method of multiscale fracture distribution in shale reservoir is studied. A method for characterization of brittleness index of shale rock mass considering multi-scale distribution of natural fractures is established. Three-dimensional localization of acoustic emission source of rock mass fracture is studied with wavelet analysis method. The new brittleness exponent is introduced into the wave equation of acoustic emission propagation, and the wave equation of propagation of crack propagation and the method of moment Zhang Liang are established. Secondly, the combined test of rock mass fracture and acoustic emission signal is carried out. According to the characteristics of acoustic emission propagation of different brittle rock mass, combined with moment Zhang Liang discriminant method, the fracture law of different brittle shale rock mass is studied. The results show that the ductile strength of rock mass is small, the response time of acoustic emission is dispersed, the rock mass is rupture with a single fracture surface, and the phenomenon of acoustic emission is concentrated around the regular fracture surface. When the brittle strength of rock mass is high, the response time of acoustic emission is concentrated, the rock mass is ruptured suddenly, the rock mass fracture is diversified, there are many fracture surfaces, the acoustic emission is distributed in many areas of rock body, and the plastic fracture with damping characteristic is obtained. There are also multiple modes of brittle fracture. Thirdly, the damage variables of fracture and fracture evolution of fracturing rock mass are defined based on acoustic emission counting, and the fracture break model of fracturing rock mass is established based on acoustic emission response characteristics. Based on the wave equation of energy release and acoustic emission, the relationship between fracture evolution and acoustic emission behavior of rock mass fracturing is studied. Finally, the combined testing of hydraulic fracturing and acoustic emission of shale was carried out, and the interaction between natural fractures and hydraulic fractures of different brittle shale was studied based on the Zhang Liang method of acoustic emission moment. The results show that the fracture network is the result of tensile fracture and coexistence of shear fracture and mixed fracture under the interaction of natural fracture and hydraulic fracture. The existence of natural fractures not only disturbs the transformation of hydraulic fractures from tensional evolution to shear and mixed evolution, but also induces the generation of shear fracture evolution and propagation mode at the end of natural fractures. The complexity of fracture evolution extension surface and the calculation of fracture network complexity are increased. The brittleness of shale rock mass controls the interaction between fractures. From the angle of acoustic emission, it is revealed that the more brittle rock mass is, the easier it is to form a joint mesh. In a word, based on the acoustic emission characteristics of rock mass fracture, the general law of fracture mode under the interaction between hydraulic fracture and natural fracture of different brittle shale fracturing is studied. The topic and research contents of this topic have opened up new ideas and research methods for the study of damage and fracture behavior of shale fracturing rock mass and the evolution mechanism of fracture network system. It is of great significance and academic value to clearly understand the formation law of shale fracturing fracture network system. It lays a scientific foundation for the evaluation of shale fracturing reservoir reconstruction effect based on acoustic emission parameters and waveform characteristics and for the study of fracturing operation and parameter optimization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE377

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