本文選題：城市軌道交通 + 建模��； 參考：《北京交通大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：城市交通擁擠問題突出表現(xiàn)在影響人們?nèi)粘３鲂匈|(zhì)量和延誤剛性出行效率方面,同時它還會誘發(fā)交通安全和環(huán)境污染等社會問題。城市軌道交通以其大運量、快捷、安全、高效、節(jié)能和環(huán)保等優(yōu)勢,已成為緩解城市交通壓力的主要途徑,并一直發(fā)揮著城市交通的骨架作用。隨著城市軌道交通網(wǎng)絡化建設的不斷發(fā)展,運營管理的策略、措施和方法也已從獨立線路運營進入了網(wǎng)絡化運營階段,傳統(tǒng)、單一的列車開行方案已越來越難以滿足規(guī)模大、復雜性強的網(wǎng)絡化客運需求。在當今城市軌道交通列車開行方案單一化和客流條件復雜化的趨勢下,準確、高效和可量化評價的列車開行方案模型亟需建立。建模研究將有望成為運營管理部門預測、計劃和編制列車開行方案的理論方法,為既有的列車運行圖調(diào)整和優(yōu)化提供技術指導和評價手段,以提高城市軌道交通的乘客服務水平,旨在實現(xiàn)城市交通和乘客出行的和諧發(fā)展。本論文基于城市軌道交通開行方案和列車運行圖的編制原則、理論和方法,分析了"線網(wǎng)-列車-客流"的交互影響機理,研究了列車運行過程中的停站選擇問題、到發(fā)接駁約束、冗余時間計劃和安全追蹤間隔等,總結了包括停站時間、換乘客流的走行行為和到達規(guī)律、冗余時間等關鍵指標在內(nèi)的列車開行方案建模方法;從滿足客流需求和保障運營效率的角度出發(fā),構建了多場景的考慮乘客出行成本和企業(yè)運營成本的模型,為停站選擇設計、無縫銜接的換乘和魯棒性優(yōu)化提供了量化評價指標和調(diào)整方法的支持。論文首先就運營管理階段的開行方案、列車運行圖和魯棒性研究及應用評價進行了詳細評述,分析了以列車發(fā)車頻率、交路計劃、停站方案、乘客滿意度、等車時間、換乘效率和魯棒性為目標的既有研究成果的建模思想和求解算法,較全面地總結了城市軌道交通列車開行方案研究的基本內(nèi)容和方法論。本論文以跨站越行模式、換乘的同步協(xié)調(diào)問題和列車運行圖魯棒性為研究核心,據(jù)此提出構建列車開行方案模型的主要目標和研究方向,展開了較深入的分析。其次研究了獨立線路條件下,跨站越行模式的城市軌道交通列車開行方案的優(yōu)化問題,準確的計算了乘客的等車時間、在途時間、列車的周期運行時間等指標,以行車組織的到發(fā)約束條件為基礎,將乘客出行成本和企業(yè)運營成本考慮到模型中,并以兩者最小化為目標,提出了帶有0/1決策變量的雙目標非線性混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型。采用理想點法,將雙目標函數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)化為約束條件不變的單目標函數(shù),通過禁忌算法實現(xiàn)了大規(guī)模求解問題的計算�；�4種典型的客流分布場景驗證了模型的可用性。對比分析了彈性跨站越行模式和固定跨站越行模式的列車開行方案運營效果。根據(jù)國外城市軌道交通某運營線的實際運營場景,選取了多種列車產(chǎn)品組合的開行方案,基于給定的客流需求,對比了站站停列車、快車和大站列車三種列車產(chǎn)品運營效益;比較了由上述三種列車產(chǎn)品組合的五種跨站方案方案的優(yōu)劣;基于5種典型的客流分布的案例,分析了不同客流需求對方案的適用條件。提出了簡明地通過確定首班列車出發(fā)時刻,以實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡條件下列車同步協(xié)調(diào)成功次數(shù)最大化為目標的模型。并設計了該模型的遺傳算法,通過優(yōu)化前后的比較和基于CPLEX軟件求解的對比分析,證明了改進的遺傳算法具有較好的求解質(zhì)量和較高的求解效率。再次提出了一種基于對換乘客流準確劃分的城市軌道交通同步協(xié)調(diào)的優(yōu)化模型,從客流需求角度以滿足客流無縫換乘的目標。針對不同的換乘站,基于正態(tài)分布的換乘客流的到達規(guī)律,以總換乘等車時間最少為目標,將列車行車約束、客流劃分和等車時間計算方法等作為主要輸入條件,構建了帶有0-1決策變量的非線性規(guī)劃模型。運用改進的遺傳算法與計算機模擬結合的方法有效解決了模型求解的問題。最后建立了一種考慮客流需求擾動的城市軌道交通列車運行圖魯棒性優(yōu)化模型,基于等待乘客和列車的交互關系,計算列車的實際停站時間,通過對比計劃停站時間,以判斷列車是否晚點。若晚點,則通過所提優(yōu)化模型調(diào)整列車在站間運行的緩沖時間,以實現(xiàn)提高列車運行圖魯棒性、同時避免額外增加運行圖周期的目標。以城市軌道交通列車運行圖擾動時間之和最小化為目標,構建了非線性混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型,通過改進的遺傳算法對問題進行求解。
[Abstract]:Urban traffic congestion is a major problem that affects people's daily travel quality and delays rigid travel efficiency. At the same time, it also induces social problems, such as traffic safety and environmental pollution. Urban rail transit has become the main way to alleviate urban traffic pressure with its large capacity, fast, safe, efficient, efficient, energy saving and environmental protection. With the continuous development of urban traffic network, with the continuous development of urban rail transit network construction, the strategy, measures and methods of operation management have also entered the network operation stage from the independent line operation. The traditional, single train operation scheme has become more and more difficult to meet the large and complex network passenger demand. Under the trend of the simplification of the train running scheme and the complex passenger flow condition, the train operation model of accurate, efficient and quantifiable evaluation needs to be set up urgently. The modeling research will be expected to be a theoretical method for the operation management department to predict, plan and compile the train operation plan, and to adjust the existing train operation map and to adjust the train operation chart. In order to improve the passenger service level of urban rail transit and to realize the harmonious development of urban traffic and passenger travel, this paper is based on the principle, theory and method of the planning of urban rail transit and train operation diagram, and analyzes the interaction mechanism of "line network train passenger flow", and studies the mechanism of the interaction mechanism of "line network train passenger flow". The problem of stopping station selection in the course of the train operation, to the connection constraint, the redundant time plan and the safety tracking interval, and to summarize the modeling method of the train opening scheme, including the stopping time, the travel behavior and the arrival rule of the passenger flow, the redundancy time and other key indexes, from the angle of meeting the passenger flow demand and guaranteeing the operation efficiency. In this paper, a multi scene model considering passenger travel cost and enterprise operation cost is constructed, which provides the support of quantitative evaluation index and adjustment method for stop selection design, seamless transfer and robustness optimization. First, the thesis is on the opening plan of the operation management stage, train operation diagram and robustness research and Application evaluation. In detail, the basic contents and methods of the research on the urban rail transit train case are summarized in this paper. The basic contents and methods of the study of the urban rail transit train case are summarized in this paper. The core of the study is the synchronization coordination and the robustness of the train operation diagram. According to this, the main objectives and the research direction of the train planning model are put forward, and the further analysis is carried out. Secondly, the optimization problem of the train opening scheme for the urban rail transit is studied under the independent line condition. By calculating the passenger's waiting time, the time of the train, the time of the train and the time of the train, the passenger travel cost and the operation cost are considered in the model, and the two objective nonlinear mixed integer programming model with 0/1 decision variables is proposed. The ideal point method is used to transform the dual objective function into a single objective function with constant constraints, and the computation of large-scale solving problem is realized by tabu algorithm. Based on 4 typical passenger flow distribution scenes, the availability of the model is verified. The operation of the train operation scheme for the crossing mode of the elastic cross station and the fixed cross station crossing mode is compared and analyzed. According to the actual operation scene of a foreign urban rail transit operation line, the opening plan of various kinds of train product combinations is selected. Based on the given passenger flow demand, the operation benefits of three kinds of train products are compared between station stop train, express train and large station train, and five cross station scheme schemes of the three kinds of train product combination are compared. Good and bad; based on 5 typical passenger flow distribution cases, the application conditions of different passenger flow requirements are analyzed. A model is proposed to realize the maximum number of successful times of the train synchronization under the network condition by determining the departure time of the first train, and the genetic algorithm of the model is designed, and the ratio is optimized before and after. Compared with the comparison analysis based on CPLEX software, it is proved that the improved genetic algorithm has better solution quality and higher solving efficiency. A new optimization model of urban rail transit synchronization coordination based on the accurate division of passenger flow is proposed, and the target of seamless transfer of passenger flow is satisfied from the angle of passenger flow. The same transfer station, based on the regular distribution of the transfer passenger flow, takes the least time as the goal of the total transfer. The train constraints, the passenger flow division and the calculation method of the waiting time are taken as the main input conditions, and a nonlinear programming model with 0-1 decision variables is constructed. The combined method effectively solves the problem of model solving. Finally, a robust optimization model of urban rail transit train diagram is established to consider passenger flow demand disturbance. Based on the interaction between the passengers and trains, the actual stop time of the train is calculated and the delay time of the train is judged by comparing the planned stop time to determine whether the train is late. If it is delayed, The optimized model is used to adjust the buffer time of train running between stations so as to improve the robustness of the train diagram and avoid the extra increase of the operation cycle. A non linear mixed integer programming model is constructed with the objective of minimizing the time sum of the disturbance time of the urban rail transit train diagram, and the improved genetic algorithm is adopted. The method is used to solve the problem.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U292

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