發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 10:20

  本文選題：水量水質(zhì) + 配置�。� 參考：《中國水利水電科學研究院》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：當前,我國水資源短缺與水污染并存。隨著點源污染的逐步控制,非點源污染物已成為我國水環(huán)境污染的主要因素。傳統(tǒng)的以水量配置為核心的水資源配置已難以適應(yīng),需研究涵蓋點源、非點源污染綜合治理的水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置方法。本文在傳統(tǒng)水資源配置研究的基礎(chǔ)上,提出流域/區(qū)域水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置理論,構(gòu)建水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置模型,改進“三次平衡”思想建立水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置決策思路,并以渭河流域為例,給出了規(guī)劃年涵蓋點源和非點源污染綜合治理的水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置方案。主要成果如下：(1)以“自然-社會”二元水循環(huán)為基礎(chǔ),分析了流域二元水循環(huán)及水化學伴生過程。結(jié)果表明,在其他條件一定時,污染程度隨著用水量的增大而加大,用水量通過改變污染物入河量和徑流量影響了污染程度。提出了水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置概念和內(nèi)涵、配置原則、調(diào)控機制、配置目標和決策方法等。詳細論述了社會經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)的用水排污決策機制。提出了社會經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)的用水排污決策方程組,證明了方程組局部均衡解的存在性,分析了均衡解的唯一性和穩(wěn)定性。結(jié)果表明水資源短缺和水環(huán)境納污能力不足是進行水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置的必要條件,水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置公平與效率矛盾的根源是交易成本和管理成本的存在,水資源不確定性和水環(huán)境納污不確定性會增加用水排污成本。討論了水資源開發(fā)利用和水環(huán)境污染相互影響相互制約的關(guān)系。提出了污染程度曲線和達標可供水量曲線,達標可供水量曲線和污染程度曲線隨著社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展發(fā)生變化,變化的總體趨勢是水環(huán)境污染程度越來越小,水質(zhì)達標的可利用清潔水量越來越大。(2)耦合水資源配置模型和分布式水文水質(zhì)模型建立水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置模型。構(gòu)建了水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置模型總體框架,總結(jié)了各模型子系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)及特點。分析了水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置模型各子模塊之間的數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系和各子模塊之間的時空尺度不匹配問題,提出水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置模型調(diào)參思路與方法。應(yīng)用表明,該模型方法可行。在分布式水文模型WEP L的基礎(chǔ)上,增加氮磷模擬模塊。該模塊主要包括土壤層的氮磷轉(zhuǎn)化過程,各營養(yǎng)物的坡面侵蝕和氮磷成分在河道內(nèi)的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過程。在傳統(tǒng)水量配置模型基礎(chǔ)上,分析了優(yōu)化配置模型水質(zhì)約束原理,增加了水質(zhì)約束模塊,提出了水質(zhì)型缺水識別方法。該方法可識別出每個計算分區(qū)各行業(yè)的水質(zhì)型缺水量。為適應(yīng)水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置的需求,改進“三次平衡”思想,建立了水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置的決策思路。實際應(yīng)用表明,該決策思路有效。(3)以渭河流域為例進行實例應(yīng)用研究。對渭河流域進行了水資源評價,評價出了地表水資源、地下水資源和水資源總量等信息；進行了水資源開發(fā)利用評價,得出了基準年渭河流域供用耗排信息；進行了水環(huán)境評價,得到了渭河流域各主要斷面的水質(zhì)情況,以及點源污染負荷等基本信息。以“渭河干流生態(tài)環(huán)境需水分析與調(diào)度機制”的河道內(nèi)水量水質(zhì)生態(tài)需求研究結(jié)果作為渭河干流主要斷面的水量水質(zhì)生態(tài)需求信息。構(gòu)建氮、磷分布式水質(zhì)模型,并進行氮磷分布式模擬。根據(jù)分布式水文模型天然徑流模擬結(jié)果和水資源評價結(jié)果,在渭河流域三級區(qū)套地市概化的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建基于分質(zhì)供水的水資源優(yōu)化配置模型。在水資源開發(fā)利用評價的基礎(chǔ)上,進行了基準年供需平衡分析,并進行了水質(zhì)型缺水識別。以各個排污口污水入河量為標準,在分析現(xiàn)狀年供用水情況的基礎(chǔ)上,模擬分析流域范圍內(nèi)城鎮(zhèn)生活和工業(yè)用水的耗排情況。在河道實測徑流模擬和泥沙模擬的基礎(chǔ)上,進行了分布式水文水質(zhì)模擬與驗證,分析了渭河流域點源、非點源污染負荷的時空分布規(guī)律,并對點源非點源污染負荷貢獻率進行了分析。在供需平衡、耗水平衡和分布式水文水質(zhì)模擬的基礎(chǔ)上,進行了渭河流域基準年問題識別,為規(guī)劃水平年配置方案的擬定奠定基礎(chǔ)。在基準年水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合模擬分析和水資源開發(fā)利用問題識別的基礎(chǔ)上,以改進“三次平衡”思想為指導(dǎo),進行了規(guī)劃年水量水質(zhì)聯(lián)合配置方案分析。①在非分質(zhì)供水供用耗排模擬分析的基礎(chǔ)上,進行了現(xiàn)狀截污減排條件下的污染物排放預(yù)測,并進行了水質(zhì)模擬,識別出了規(guī)劃年現(xiàn)狀年截污減排水平條件下的水質(zhì)型缺水情況,為規(guī)劃年截污減排方案的擬定提供基礎(chǔ)。②根據(jù)水功能區(qū)納污能力進行了點源污染物總量控制,非點源污染情況不變。結(jié)果表明,隨著點源污染總量控制的實施,非汛期水質(zhì)大幅度改善,全流域水質(zhì)型缺水大幅度減小。但由于未實施非點源污染治理,汛期水質(zhì)較差,存在著一定量的水質(zhì)型缺水。說明只對點源污染進行治理,并不能徹底解決流域水質(zhì)污染的問題,必須進行非點源污染治理。③在點源污染總量控制的基礎(chǔ)上,進行非點源污染治理情景模擬。在擬定模擬情景下,汛期水質(zhì)也大幅度改善,流域基本不存在水質(zhì)型缺水量。最終結(jié)果表明,隨著點源污染總量控制的實現(xiàn)和非點源污染的有效治理,渭河流域各水功能區(qū)水質(zhì)監(jiān)測斷面均達到水質(zhì)目標,水功能區(qū)納污能力均滿足點源污染物納污量需求,流域基本不受水質(zhì)型缺水影響。
[Abstract]:At present, water resources shortage and water pollution coexist in our country. With the gradual control of point source pollution, non point source pollutants have become the main factors of water environment pollution in China. The traditional water allocation with water allocation as the core is difficult to adapt. It is necessary to study the combined allocation method of water quality and water quality covering point source and non point source pollution comprehensive treatment. On the basis of the study of the traditional water resources allocation, the joint allocation theory of water quality and water quality in the basin / region is put forward, the joint allocation model of water quality and water quality is constructed, and the thought of establishing the joint allocation of water quality and water quality is established by improving the "three balance" idea. The water and water quality combined allocation of water and water is set up. The water and water quality of the Weihe basin is taken as an example to give the water of the comprehensive treatment of the annual coverage point source and non point source pollution. The main results are as follows: (1) based on the two yuan water cycle of "natural society", the water cycle and hydrochemical accompanying process of two yuan in the basin are analyzed. The result shows that the pollution degree increases with the increase of water consumption when the other conditions are certain, and the water consumption is influenced by the amount of water and the runoff by changing the amount of water into the river and the runoff. The concept and connotation of the joint allocation of water and water quality, the principle of allocation, the regulation mechanism, the allocation target and the decision-making method are put forward. The decision mechanism of water discharge in the social and economic system is discussed in detail. The water discharge decision equation group of the social and economic system is put forward, and the existence of the partial equilibrium solution of the equation group is proved and the equilibrium is analyzed. The result shows that the shortage of water resources and the insufficient capacity of water environment are the necessary conditions for the joint allocation of water and water quality. The root of the contradiction between water quality and water quality is the existence of transaction cost and management cost, and the uncertainty of water resources and the uncertainty of water environment will increase the water consumption. The relationship between the development and utilization of water resources and the mutual influence of water environment pollution is discussed. The curve of pollution degree and the curve of water supply are put forward. The curve of water supply and the degree of pollution are changed with the social and economic development. The overall trend of the change is that the pollution degree of the water environment is getting smaller and the water quality is up to the standard. The available clean water is getting bigger and bigger. (2) the combined allocation model of water resources and the distributed hydrology water quality model are used to establish the joint allocation model of water quality and water quality. The overall framework of the joint allocation model of water quality and water quality is constructed, and the structure and characteristics of each model subsystem are summarized. The data of each sub module of the joint allocation model of water quality and water quality is analyzed. On the basis of the distributed hydrological model WEP L, the nitrogen and phosphorus simulation module is added on the basis of the distributed hydrological model. This module mainly includes the nitrogen and phosphorus transformation process in the soil layer and the slope erosion of the nutrients. On the basis of the traditional water allocation model, the water quality constraint principle is analyzed on the basis of the traditional water allocation model. The water quality constraint module is added and the water quality water shortage identification method is put forward. This method can identify the water shortage of each industry in each area. In order to improve the "three balance" idea and establish the decision thinking of the joint allocation of water and water quality, the practical application shows that the decision idea is effective. (3) take the Weihe basin as an example to carry out an example application study. The water resources, the groundwater resources and the total amount of water resources are evaluated and the information of the water resources, the groundwater resources and the total water resources are evaluated. On the basis of the evaluation of water resources development and utilization, the information of the supply and drainage of supply and consumption in the Weihe basin of the datum year was obtained, and the water environment evaluation was carried out. The basic information of the water quality of the main sections of the Weihe River Basin and the pollution load of the point source were obtained. The ecological demand of the water quality and water quality in the river course of "the ecological environment requirement analysis and scheduling mechanism of the Weihe main stream" The results are used as the ecological demand information of water quality and water quality of main section of Weihe main stream. The distributed water quality model of nitrogen and phosphorus is constructed and distributed simulation of nitrogen and phosphorus is carried out. Based on the simulation results of natural runoff and water resources evaluation results of distributed hydrological model, based on the generalizability of the three level District of Weihe basin, the water supply based on the divided quality is constructed. On the basis of the evaluation of water resources development and utilization, the balance analysis of supply and demand in the base year is carried out, and the water shortage identification is carried out. The water consumption of each sewage outlet is the standard. On the basis of the analysis of the current situation of the current supply of water, the consumption of urban life and industrial water consumption in the flow field is simulated and analyzed. On the basis of simulated river runoff simulation and sediment simulation, the distributed hydrological and water quality simulation and verification are carried out. The spatial and temporal distribution of point source and non point source pollution load in Weihe basin is analyzed, and the contribution rate of non point source pollution load is analyzed. The basis of supply and demand balance, water consumption balance and Distributed Hydrology and water quality simulation are also carried out. On the basis of this, the identification of the datum year problem in the Weihe basin is carried out, which lays the foundation for the planning of the planning level annual allocation scheme. On the basis of the joint simulation analysis of water quality and water quality in the datum year and the identification of water resources development and utilization problems, the combined allocation scheme of water quality and water quality in the planning year is analyzed with the guidance of improving the "three balance" idea. On the basis of the simulation analysis of the waste water supply and consumption in the non sub quality water supply and consumption, the pollutant discharge forecast under the condition of the pollution reduction and emission reduction is carried out, and the water quality simulation is carried out. The water shortage under the condition of the annual pollution reduction and emission reduction in the year of the planning is identified, which provides the basis for the planning of the plan for the planning of the annual pollution reduction and emission reduction. The results show that, with the implementation of the total amount control of the point source pollution, the water quality of the non flood season is greatly improved and the water shortage in the whole basin is greatly reduced. However, because of the non point source pollution control, the water quality of the flood season is poor and there is a certain amount of water shortage. Only on the point source pollution control, and can not completely solve the problem of water pollution in the basin, we must carry out non point source pollution control. Thirdly, on the basis of the total control of the point source pollution, the situation simulation of non point source pollution control is carried out. In the simulation scenario, the water quality of the flood season is greatly improved, and the water shortage in the basin is basically not existed. The results show that the water quality monitoring sections of all water functional areas in Weihe basin reach the target of water quality with the realization of the total amount control of the point source pollution and the effective control of non point source pollution. The capacity of the water function area can meet the demand for the pollution of the point source pollutants, and the watershed is basically not affected by the water deficiency.

【學位授予單位】：中國水利水電科學研究院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X52;TV213.4

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