本文選題：沖擊地壓 + 覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)　； 參考：《北京科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：作為煤礦的主要?jiǎng)恿?zāi)害之一,沖擊地壓至今尚未從根本上解決有效預(yù)測(cè)和科學(xué)防治的問題。沖擊地壓的發(fā)生機(jī)理復(fù)雜、影響因素多、治理難度大,本文從"分類分治"的理念出發(fā),提出了以應(yīng)力與圍巖作用關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)的沖擊危險(xiǎn)性辨識(shí)方法,在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了"分類分治"的沖擊地壓防治技術(shù)�；诜罌_的需要,建立了覆巖載荷三帶結(jié)構(gòu)模型,采用理論分析、案例調(diào)研、力學(xué)計(jì)算、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)運(yùn)用、數(shù)值模擬、工程類比等手段,研究了沖擊地壓的發(fā)生機(jī)理及主要影響因素,提出了沖擊危險(xiǎn)性辨識(shí)方法,主要的創(chuàng)新性成果如下:1)提出了影響采場(chǎng)沖擊地壓應(yīng)力場(chǎng)的覆巖載荷三帶結(jié)構(gòu)模型。根據(jù)采場(chǎng)邊界條件與覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系,按照巖層加載方式的不同,將采場(chǎng)上覆巖層分為"即時(shí)加載帶"、"延時(shí)加載帶"和"靜載帶",并定義了其范圍,實(shí)現(xiàn)了掘進(jìn)工作面、單一回采工作面和多個(gè)回采工作面覆巖結(jié)構(gòu)特征的連續(xù)表達(dá)。分析了載荷三帶巖層的動(dòng)態(tài)演化及其對(duì)沖擊危險(xiǎn)性的影響。2)建立了典型開采邊界條件下的載荷三帶應(yīng)力影響范圍估算模型。根據(jù)載荷三帶巖層在回采過程中的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,計(jì)算了 "即時(shí)加載帶"和"延時(shí)加載帶"在回采過程中對(duì)煤壁施加的超前支承壓力和側(cè)向支承壓力的大小及分布形式,為進(jìn)一步分析覆巖運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)采場(chǎng)沖擊危險(xiǎn)性的影響奠定了基礎(chǔ)。3)提出了沖擊地壓圍巖結(jié)構(gòu)類型及其局部穩(wěn)定性計(jì)算方法。分析了深部巷道常見的變形破壞形態(tài),研究了 "巷道-煤層-巖層"的十種空間類型與沖擊破壞位置的關(guān)系。提出了圍巖的兩幫穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)IB、頂板穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)ID和底板穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)IF,并利用該系數(shù)快速估計(jì)巷道局部位置的圍巖穩(wěn)定性,進(jìn)而判斷沖擊危險(xiǎn)性。4)提出了基于載荷三帶應(yīng)力與圍巖作用關(guān)系的沖擊危險(xiǎn)辨識(shí)方法。將影響沖擊地壓的八種典型外部力源類型和十種典型巷道圍巖空間關(guān)系進(jìn)行組合,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)沖擊地壓的分類;采用應(yīng)力疊加和載荷三帶理論模型,對(duì)巷道整體穩(wěn)定性和局部穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行估算,結(jié)合被評(píng)價(jià)位置的煤巖體沖擊傾向性,實(shí)現(xiàn)沖擊危險(xiǎn)性辨識(shí)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了沖擊地壓"分類分治"的措施。本文的研究成果已經(jīng)在山東能源集團(tuán)逐步推廣應(yīng)用,取得了明顯的效果。
[Abstract]:As one of the main dynamic disasters in coal mine, the problem of effective prediction and scientific prevention has not been solved by the impact ground pressure. The occurrence mechanism of impact ground pressure is complex, there are many influencing factors and it is difficult to manage. This paper, based on the concept of "classification and control", puts forward a method to identify the impact risk based on the relationship between stress and surrounding rock. This paper puts forward the technology of prevention and cure of shock ground pressure by classified division and control. Based on the need of anti-scour, a three-belt structure model of overburden load is established. By means of theoretical analysis, case study, mechanical calculation, field application, numerical simulation and engineering analogy, the occurrence mechanism and main influencing factors of impact ground pressure are studied. The main innovative results are as follows: 1) the three-zone structure model of overburden load which affects the stress field of rock burst in stope is proposed. According to the relationship between stope boundary conditions and overburden structure, according to the different loading modes of strata, the overburden strata in stope are divided into "immediate loading zone", "delayed loading zone" and "static load zone", and its scope is defined to realize the heading face. Continuous expression of overburden structure characteristics of single and multiple mining faces. The dynamic evolution of the three zones of load and its influence on the impact risk are analyzed. 2) the estimation model of the influence range of the load three zone stress under the typical mining boundary condition is established. According to the movement law of three zones of load strata in the process of mining, the magnitude and distribution of the leading supporting pressure and lateral supporting pressure applied to the coal wall during the mining process of "immediate loading zone" and "delay loading zone" are calculated. For the further analysis of the influence of overburden movement on stope impact hazard, a method for calculating the structure type and local stability of rockburst surrounding rock is put forward. The common deformation and failure patterns of deep roadway are analyzed, and the relationship between ten space types of roadway, coal seam and rock stratum and the location of impact failure is studied. The stability coefficient IBS, ID of roof stability and IFF of floor plate of surrounding rock are put forward, and the stability of surrounding rock in local position of roadway is estimated quickly by using this coefficient. Furthermore, a method for identifying the impact risk is proposed based on the relationship between the three-band stress of load and the action of surrounding rock. Eight typical external force sources affecting impact ground pressure are combined with the spatial relations of ten typical roadways surrounding rock to realize the classification of impact ground pressure, and the stress superposition and load three zone theory model are adopted. The whole stability and local stability of roadway are estimated, and the impact risk identification is realized by combining the impact tendency of coal and rock mass of the evaluated position. On this basis, the measures of classifying and controlling the impact ground pressure are put forward. The research results of this paper have been gradually popularized and applied in Shandong Energy Group, and obvious results have been obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD324

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