本文選題：空間調(diào)制電場 + 聚合物微納米結(jié)構(gòu)　； 參考：《西安交通大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：聚合物微納米結(jié)構(gòu)由于獨(dú)特的物理和化學(xué)功能而受到越來越多的關(guān)注,可以廣泛應(yīng)用于微流控、有機(jī)光電子、生物檢測等方面。在聚合物微納米結(jié)構(gòu)制造方法中,空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形技術(shù)由于在材料普適性、結(jié)構(gòu)均勻性等方面的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢,獲得了學(xué)術(shù)界的關(guān)注�！翱臻g調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形”工藝采用結(jié)構(gòu)化導(dǎo)電模板與涂覆有聚合物薄膜的導(dǎo)電襯底作為對電極,形成誘導(dǎo)模板/空氣/聚合物/導(dǎo)電襯底的多層結(jié)構(gòu)。電極對之間施加電壓后,因模板結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)制,在空氣-聚合物界面處形成隨空間位置變化的電場。這種“空間調(diào)制電場”產(chǎn)生的Maxwell應(yīng)力張量驅(qū)動聚合物朝向誘導(dǎo)模板運(yùn)動,形成具有一定形貌或尺寸的聚合物微納米結(jié)構(gòu)。本文圍繞空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形工藝的機(jī)理和控制方法展開了研究,其出發(fā)點(diǎn)和研究結(jié)果如下:1)空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)成形中,聚合物的形貌完全由調(diào)制電場控制,不存在其它任何幾何約束,因此,正確理解聚合物在空間調(diào)制電場作用下的流變機(jī)理是實(shí)現(xiàn)微納米結(jié)構(gòu)高保真復(fù)形的關(guān)鍵。但是,基于流體潤滑理論的線性穩(wěn)定分析方法,忽略了微納米尺度效應(yīng)的影響,不能準(zhǔn)確描述空間調(diào)制電場作用下聚合物的流變行為,尤其不適用于低粘度聚合物電場誘導(dǎo)的快速成形。為此,本文基于電流體動力學(xué),兼顧微納尺度效應(yīng),建立了非線性兩相流動力學(xué)模型,從力學(xué)行為狀態(tài)分析出發(fā),研究了聚合物在空間調(diào)制電場作用下的流變成形機(jī)理,將整個(gè)誘導(dǎo)過程分為三個(gè)階段:成形階段、準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)階段以及融合階段。只有在準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)階段固化聚合物才能得到與模板圖案一致的復(fù)形結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)2)目前空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形研究中,都是直接展示與模板圖案一致的復(fù)形結(jié)構(gòu),忽略了工藝參數(shù)不合理導(dǎo)致聚合物結(jié)構(gòu)與誘導(dǎo)模板圖案的不一致性。為此,本文提出了強(qiáng)/弱調(diào)制概念以描述聚合物復(fù)形結(jié)構(gòu)與誘導(dǎo)模板圖案的異同,定義聚合物復(fù)形結(jié)構(gòu)與模板圖案一致為強(qiáng)調(diào)制,反之為弱調(diào)制。仿真分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察表明:聚合物氣液界面處電場分布中的平均分量是導(dǎo)致聚合物復(fù)形結(jié)構(gòu)與模板圖案不一致的根本原因。進(jìn)而提出了調(diào)制強(qiáng)度以表征調(diào)制狀態(tài),分析了工藝參數(shù)對調(diào)制強(qiáng)度的影響,研究了通過調(diào)整工藝參數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)調(diào)制復(fù)形的途徑。3)歸結(jié)于聚合物高保真復(fù)形與結(jié)構(gòu)大深寬比之間的矛盾,即大深寬比結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)形意味著誘導(dǎo)過程中的大空氣間隙,然而大空氣間隙會導(dǎo)致電場力不足以驅(qū)動聚合物克服表面張力和黏滯阻力形成與模板圖案一致的結(jié)構(gòu),因此,空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形技術(shù)僅能實(shí)現(xiàn)小深寬比結(jié)構(gòu)(一般小于1)。為此,本文從聚合物材料特性和工藝方法出發(fā),分別提出了導(dǎo)電聚合物空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)成形和預(yù)結(jié)構(gòu)聚合物空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)成形兩種變種工藝,從調(diào)制強(qiáng)度概念出發(fā)比較了變種工藝與傳統(tǒng)工藝的差異性,從仿真分析角度闡述了變種工藝實(shí)現(xiàn)大深寬比微納米結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性和可行性,從實(shí)驗(yàn)手段出發(fā)制備了傳統(tǒng)工藝所沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)深寬比。4)現(xiàn)階段空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形技術(shù)著眼的微納米結(jié)構(gòu)都是單一尺寸或相近尺寸,忽略了其在變尺寸復(fù)形方面的可行性。但是此類變尺寸微納米結(jié)構(gòu)在微流系統(tǒng)、生物檢測等方面同樣具有廣泛的應(yīng)用。因此,將空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形技術(shù)擴(kuò)展至變尺寸復(fù)形結(jié)構(gòu),是亟待解決的問題之一。為此,本文從強(qiáng)/弱調(diào)制概念出發(fā),討論了空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形技術(shù)在變尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)形方面的可行性,定義了三種細(xì)化的強(qiáng)/弱調(diào)制狀態(tài),即欠調(diào)制、強(qiáng)調(diào)制和過調(diào)制,提出了區(qū)分三種調(diào)制狀態(tài)的判定準(zhǔn)則,探索了不同工藝參數(shù)對強(qiáng)/弱調(diào)制區(qū)域的影響,并從實(shí)驗(yàn)角度實(shí)現(xiàn)了變尺寸結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)形。5)基于空間調(diào)制電場誘導(dǎo)聚合物流變成形強(qiáng)/弱調(diào)制的規(guī)律,本文從應(yīng)用出發(fā),探索了電場誘導(dǎo)成形方法在仿生超疏水多級結(jié)構(gòu)和微透鏡陣列制造中的應(yīng)用:(a)利用平膜聚合物的弱調(diào)制狀態(tài)和預(yù)結(jié)構(gòu)聚合物的強(qiáng)調(diào)制狀態(tài)實(shí)現(xiàn)了聚合物多級結(jié)構(gòu)的制備,該結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)出接觸角大于150°,滑動角小于10°的超疏水特性;(b)利用大間距特征的誘導(dǎo)模板,在強(qiáng)調(diào)制狀態(tài)下實(shí)現(xiàn)了填充比高達(dá)98.8%的聚合物微透鏡陣列。
[Abstract]:Polymer micro nanostructures have attracted more and more attention due to their unique physical and chemical functions. They can be widely used in microfluidic, organic optoelectronics and biological detection. In the manufacturing methods of polymer microstructures, the spatial modulated electric field induced polymer rheological formation technology is due to the universality of materials, structure uniformity, and so on. The "space modulated electric field induced polymer rheological forming" process uses a structured conductive template and a conductive substrate coated with polymer film as the pair of electrodes to form the multilayer structure of the induced template / air / polymer / conductive substrate. The modulation of the structure at the air polymer interface forms an electric field that changes with the space position. The Maxwell stress tensor produced by the "space modulated electric field" drives the polymer to move towards the induced template and forms a polymer micro nanostructure with a certain morphology or size. The mechanism and control method of art are studied. The starting point and the research results are as follows: 1) in the space modulated electric field induced forming, the morphology of the polymer is completely controlled by the modulated electric field, and there is no other geometric constraint. Therefore, the correct understanding of the rheological mechanism of the polymer under the action of the space modulated electric field is to realize the high fidelity of the micro nano structure. However, the linear stability analysis method based on the theory of fluid lubrication neglects the influence of the micro nano scale effect and can not accurately describe the rheological behavior of the polymer under the action of the space modulated electric field, especially it is not suitable for the rapid formation of the low viscosity polymer electric field induced by the electric field. The dynamic model of nonlinear two-phase flow is established by the scale effect. From the analysis of mechanical behavior state, the rheological forming mechanism of polymer under the action of space modulated electric field is studied. The whole induction process is divided into three stages: forming stage, quasi static stage and fusion stage. Only the polymer can be cured at the quasi-static stage. The conformable structure consistent with the template pattern. (1) 2) in the current study of polymer rheological formation induced by space modulated electric field, the complex structure which is consistent with the template pattern is directly displayed, and the inconsistency between the polymer structure and the induced template pattern is ignored. Therefore, the concept of strong / weak modulation is proposed to describe the polymerization. The complex structure of the compound is similar to that of the induced template pattern. It is defined that the polymer complex structure is consistent with the template pattern as strong modulation, and vice versa. The simulation analysis and experimental observation show that the average component of the electric field distribution at the polymer gas liquid interface is the root cause of the disagreement between the polymer complex structure and the template pattern. The modulation strength is characterized, and the influence of the process parameters on the modulation strength is analyzed. The contradiction between the high fidelity complex of the polymer and the ratio of the large width to width by adjusting the process parameters,.3, is studied. That is, the large depth width ratio structure means the large air gap in the induction process, but the large air gap in the induction process is large. The air gap will lead to the electric field force not enough to drive the polymer to overcome the surface tension and the viscous drag to form the same structure with the template pattern. Therefore, the space modulated electric field induced polymer rheological forming technology can only achieve a small depth to width ratio structure (generally less than 1). Two varieties of electric field induced electric field induced and prestructured polymer space modulated electric field induced forming process were used. From the concept of modulation strength, the difference between the variety and the traditional process was compared. The rationality and feasibility of the variety process to realize the large depth and width ratio micro nano structure were expounded from the angle of simulation analysis. On the basis of the experimental method, the structure depth width ratio (.4) which is not realized by the traditional process is prepared. The micro nanostructures with the focus on the space modulated electric field induced polymer rheological forming technology at the present stage are both single size or similar size, ignoring the feasibility of the variable dimension complex. However, this kind of variable size micro nano structure is produced in the microfluidic system. Therefore, it is one of the problems to be solved to extend the space modulated electric field induced polymer rheological forming technology to the variable size complex structure. Therefore, this paper, starting with the concept of strong / weak modulation, discusses the space modulated electric field induced polymer rheological forming technology in the variable size structure complex square. Three strong / weak modulation states, namely under modulation, emphasis system and over modulation, are defined, and the criterion for distinguishing three kinds of modulation states is proposed. The influence of different process parameters on strong / weak modulation regions is explored, and the variable size structure complex.5 is realized from the experimental point of view. The application of the electric field induced forming method in the fabrication of the bionic superhydrophobic multistage structure and microlens array is explored from the application of the strong / weak modulation. (a) the preparation of the multistage structure of the polymer is realized by using the weak modulation state of the flat film polymer and the stress state of the prestructured polymer. The structure shows the contact angle. The super hydrophobicity of more than 150 degrees and a sliding angle less than 10 degrees; (b) a polymer microlens array with a high filling ratio of 98.8% is realized by using the induced template with large spacing characteristics.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ317;TB383.1

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本文編號：1775428