本文選題：潛流人工濕地　切入點(diǎn)：基質(zhì)　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：針對(duì)基質(zhì)在人工濕地凈化污水中的重要作用,基于因地制宜和生態(tài)低耗的理念,以爐渣和礫石為基質(zhì)開展了潛流人工濕地污染物去除的機(jī)理研究。通過批次實(shí)驗(yàn),分析了爐渣和礫石對(duì)磷的吸附機(jī)理及其影響因素;結(jié)合兩種基質(zhì)潛流人工濕地對(duì)污染河水的凈化效果,揭示了主要污染物在潛流人工濕地中的降解與去除規(guī)律;通過基質(zhì)對(duì)人工濕地植物與微生物群落的作用分析,判明了人工濕地中基質(zhì)-植物-微生物之間的生態(tài)效應(yīng)機(jī)制;通過兩種基質(zhì)潛流人工濕地中微生物群落的季節(jié)性變化特征與污染物去除效果的相關(guān)性分析,明確了潛流人工濕地的污染物去除機(jī)理。本研究主要的結(jié)論如下:(1)基質(zhì)的靜態(tài)吸附試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,爐渣對(duì)磷的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等溫線的規(guī)律,礫石對(duì)磷的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等溫線的規(guī)律,爐渣和礫石的理論吸附量分別為3.15mg/g和0.81mg/g。準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程可較好的描述兩種基質(zhì)的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)特性,且物理吸附、化學(xué)吸附和配位體交換是磷吸附去除的主要作用原理。爐渣的吸附性能基本不受初始pH、有機(jī)物種類和濃度、氨氮濃度的影響,但礫石的吸附量隨著pH、氨氮濃度的增加而有所減少。(2)爐渣和礫石為基質(zhì)的兩組潛流人工濕地,在四年的運(yùn)行過程中,對(duì)SS、COD和BOD5均有較好的處理效果;運(yùn)行前兩年,爐渣潛流濕地對(duì)SS、COD和BOD5的去除率可分別達(dá)到90%、72%和84%,均高于礫石潛流濕地的去除效率;后兩年,隨著濕地內(nèi)部環(huán)境逐漸趨同,兩組濕地對(duì)SS、COD和BOD5的去除效果也趨于一致。且在四年運(yùn)行過程中,兩組濕地SS、COD和BOD5的單位面積去除量均隨著進(jìn)水負(fù)荷的增加而線性增加。(3)濕地運(yùn)行的前兩年,兩組濕地對(duì)TN和NH_3-N的去除效果相近,隨著濕地運(yùn)行時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),礫石潛流濕地對(duì)TN和NH_3-N去除效果逐漸優(yōu)于爐渣潛流濕地。濕地運(yùn)行的四年中,爐渣潛流濕地保持了對(duì)TP和PO_4-P的較高去除率,高于礫石潛流濕地10%以上,且TP單位面積去除量有隨進(jìn)水負(fù)荷增加而增大的趨勢(shì)。(4)濕地運(yùn)行的第一年不存在空間約束的條件下,兩組濕地中植物均急速生長(zhǎng),與爐渣潛流濕地相比,礫石潛流濕地更有利于植物的持續(xù)生長(zhǎng),在第四年植物收割季,礫石潛流濕地的植物生物量和生長(zhǎng)密度分別比爐渣潛流濕地高出25株/m2和0.3 kg/m2。且在礫石潛流濕地中,植物對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物去除的貢獻(xiàn)率更高。兩組濕地中,植物根系的微生物群落多樣性均高于基質(zhì)區(qū),且根系的好氧環(huán)境激發(fā)了特征根系微生物Acinetobacter calcoaceticus的產(chǎn)生。(5)兩組潛流人工濕地中,冬季的微生物多樣性高于夏季;在冬季,進(jìn)水區(qū)的微生物多樣性高于出水區(qū),而在夏季,出水區(qū)的微生物多樣性反而較高。聚類分析結(jié)果表明,兩組濕地基質(zhì)樣品的相似度較高,進(jìn)出水區(qū)域微生物群落的相似度為75.15-88.06%,說明爐渣和礫石潛流濕地內(nèi)部具有相近的氧環(huán)境,且在冬季也檢出了反硝化菌,說明潛流濕地具有較好的保溫效果。濕地冬季進(jìn)水DO較高,而夏季進(jìn)水DO較低,但存在沿程DO增加的趨勢(shì),雙因素方差分析結(jié)果表明,DO濃度是影響濕地中微生物群落的主要因素。(6)潛流濕地對(duì)SS和TP的去除效果受季節(jié)影響不大,但COD和BOD5的去除效果在夏秋兩季較好,冬春兩季相對(duì)較差;TN和NH_3-N的去除受季節(jié)影響最大。且TN的去除與微生物多樣性指數(shù)顯著相關(guān)。潛流人工濕地的脫氮效果與進(jìn)水溶解氧含量密切相關(guān),冬季進(jìn)水DO為4.6±0.15mg/L,硝化條件較好,NH_3-N轉(zhuǎn)化為‘’NO3-N的效率較高,但反硝化作用不明顯;夏季進(jìn)水DO濃度低于0.5 mg/L,雖然沿水流可上升到2 mg/L左右,但總體上硝化條件受限,而反硝化效果反而較好。
[Abstract]:The matrix plays an important role in artificial wetlands in the local conditions and ecological consumption based on the concept of matrix mechanism carried out wetland contaminant removal with cinder and gravel. Through batch experiments, analyzes the factors of slag and gravel adsorption mechanism of phosphorus and its influence; combined with the purification effect of two kinds of matrix constructed the wetland of polluted river water, and reveals the degradation and removal of the main pollutants in the subsurface flow constructed wetland; through the effect of matrix on plant and microbial community analysis of artificial wetland, and ascertain the mechanism of ecological effect between matrix and artificial wetland in plant microbe; correlation analysis of seasonal variation characteristics and removal efficiency of pollutants by microbial community two kinds of substrates in the SSFW, the pollutants in subsurface flow constructed wetland removal mechanism. The main research conclusions Are as follows: (1) static adsorption test results show that the matrix, adsorption of phosphorus slag with Freundlich isotherm of adsorption of phosphorus on gravel with Langmuir isotherm of adsorption theory of slag and gravel were 3.15mg/g and 0.81mg/g. adsorption kinetics of two quasi kinetic equation can well describe the two kinds of matrix the physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, and ligand exchange is the main effect of phosphorus removal by adsorption principle. The adsorption performance of slag is not affected by the initial pH, organic matter type and concentration, the effect of ammonia concentration, but the adsorption capacity of gravel with pH, increased ammonia concentration decreased. (2) and slag the two group of gravel for the matrix constructed wetland, in the process of four years, of SS, better treatment effect COD and BOD5 respectively; two years ago, the slag flow wetlands on SS, COD and the removal rate of BOD5 Respectively 90%, 72% and 84%, were higher than that of gravel in the subsurface wetland removal efficiency; after two years, with the gradual convergence of the internal environment of wetland, wetland two groups of SS, COD and BOD5 removal efficiency also tended to be the same. And in the process of four years, two groups of wetland SS, unit area COD and BOD5 removal with the increase of the influent load increases. (3) two years ago, wetland, removal efficiency of TN and NH_3-N of the two groups are similar with the wetland wetland, prolonging the running time, the removal effect was better for TN and NH_3-N slag subsurface wetland gravel subsurface wetland. For four years running of wetland in slag subsurface wetland maintained the TP and PO_4-P removal rate is higher, higher than that of the gravel subsurface wetland is above 10%, and the TP removal rate per unit area increase with the water load. (4) the first year of operation of the wetland there is no space constraints, two groups of wetland vegetation All the rapid growth, compared with the slag subsurface constructed wetland, gravel wetland more conducive to the sustainable growth of the plant, in the fourth year plant harvest season, gravel subsurface wetland plant biomass and growth density were 25 higher than slag subsurface wetland plants of /m2 and 0.3 kg/m2. and the flow wetland in the gravel potential, plants on nutrient removal the contribution rate is higher. Two groups of wetlands, the microbial community diversity of plant roots were higher than that of the matrix, aerobic environment and root excitation characteristics of root microorganism Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. (5) two groups of subsurface flow constructed wetland in winter microbial diversity is higher than in summer; in winter, the water area microbial diversity is higher than that of the water outlet area, and in the summer, but higher water area of microbial diversity. The results of cluster analysis showed that two groups of wetland samples with high similarity, import water domain microbial community The similarity of 75.15-88.06%, shows the internal slag and gravel subsurface flow wetland has similar oxygen environment, and also detected the denitrifying bacteria in the winter, that subsurface wetland has good thermal insulation effect. The wetland water in winter and summer DO high influent DO was low, but increased along the DO trend, two factor variance analysis results show that the DO concentration is the main factor affecting the microbial community in the wetland. (6) on the removal of SS and TP in subsurface flow wetland affected by season is not big, but the removal effect of COD and BOD5 in the summer two season better in the two season is relatively poor; TN and NH_3-N removal was affected by season. No significant correlation with TN the removal and microbial diversity index. The nitrogen removal effect of subsurface flow constructed wetland is closely related with the water content of dissolved oxygen, water in winter DO was 4.6 + 0.15mg/L, nitrification condition, the conversion of NH_3-N to "NO3-N" but with high efficiency. The denitrification is not obvious. The DO concentration in summer is less than 0.5 mg/L, although it can rise to 2 mg/L along the current, but the nitrification condition is limited in general, and the denitrification effect is better.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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