本文選題：碳納米纖維　切入點(diǎn)：超級(jí)電容器　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),超級(jí)電容器作為一種極具潛力的儲(chǔ)能器件已成為科研人員關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。在不降低超級(jí)電容器能量和功率密度的前提下,研究人員對(duì)提高超級(jí)電容器電極性能的研究上已付出巨大努力,包括設(shè)計(jì)有效方法開(kāi)發(fā)出高效柔性的電極材料,以及設(shè)計(jì)合適的超級(jí)電容器結(jié)構(gòu),即對(duì)稱(chēng)或非對(duì)稱(chēng)超級(jí)電容器。本文概括了關(guān)于高效柔性超級(jí)電容器的現(xiàn)有理論背景和近期研究進(jìn)展,并對(duì)其影響因素、面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和前景進(jìn)行了深入探討。此外,當(dāng)前工作為設(shè)計(jì)下一代柔性超級(jí)電容器尤其是基于各種商用碳納米纖維材料的超級(jí)電容器提供指導(dǎo)。論文主要內(nèi)容如下:1.文中,我們開(kāi)發(fā)了一項(xiàng)有效技術(shù)制備具有機(jī)械強(qiáng)力和柔性的雜化膜,該雜化膜由Co_3O_4納米粒子(NPs)和碳納米纖維(CNF)結(jié)合。定量的孔徑分布和分形分析表明,該雜化膜具有可調(diào)的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)和高比表面積,比表面積達(dá)483m2/g。此外,通過(guò)該技術(shù)制備的雜化膜在5m V/s的電流密度下比電容高達(dá)911F/g,在1M H_2SO_4溶液中超過(guò)1000次循環(huán)后,比電容仍保留76%。這些高度靈活和更具經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的制造技術(shù)開(kāi)拓了質(zhì)輕柔性超級(jí)電容器電極在未來(lái)儲(chǔ)能材料中的發(fā)展。2.利用鎳鈷、碳納米管與CNF結(jié)合(NiCo_2O_4/CNTs CNF),通過(guò)靜電紡絲和碳化技術(shù)調(diào)節(jié)介孔結(jié)構(gòu),制備具有高度柔性結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合CNF。制備的復(fù)合膜具有合理的比電容,即使在1M KOH溶液中循環(huán)500次,在電流密度為1A/g下比電容仍達(dá)220F/g。這種具有經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的雜化膜的成功合成拓展了其在各領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。3.為了柔性雜化碳納米纖維膜的發(fā)展,通過(guò)靜電紡絲和靜電噴射技術(shù),我們制備了氧化鐵摻雜的CNF和氧化錳(Fe@CNFMn)。BET分析和定量的孔徑分布揭示了Fe@CNFMn具有可調(diào)的孔結(jié)構(gòu),其比表面積為162m2/g,孔隙體積為0.254cm3/g。制備的膜展現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的電化學(xué)性能,比電容為306F/g,在1M KOH溶液中經(jīng)500次循環(huán)后,仍有81%保留。此外,該固態(tài)超級(jí)電容器在彎曲到90°后,其比電容仍無(wú)明顯變化。這項(xiàng)工作為生產(chǎn)具有高度柔性和優(yōu)異性能的纖維紡織材料用于超級(jí)電容器電極開(kāi)辟了新的路線。4.為解決先進(jìn)技術(shù)和各類(lèi)便攜式電子設(shè)備,我們報(bào)告了一種具有優(yōu)異電化學(xué)性能的高性能質(zhì)輕且柔性的超級(jí)電容器用于可穿戴電子設(shè)備。利用炭黑、CNF以及通過(guò)靜電紡絲和靜電噴射技術(shù)制備的聚苯胺(CB@CNF/PANI),制備核-殼結(jié)構(gòu)的雜化膜。此外,CB@CNF/PANI復(fù)合納米纖維的比表面積為333m2/g、微孔孔隙率為75.7%。由雜化膜制得的超級(jí)電容器具有高度穩(wěn)定的電化學(xué)性能,在0.5A/g下比電容為501.6F/g,在1000次循環(huán)后仍有92%存留。此外,當(dāng)其被彎曲不同的角度直到達(dá)到180°時(shí),在特定電容中觀察不到明顯變化。這簡(jiǎn)單的三步(即靜電紡絲、碳化和靜電噴射)制備技術(shù)將開(kāi)辟一種質(zhì)輕柔性的超級(jí)電容器用于未來(lái)儲(chǔ)能領(lǐng)域。文中闡述了制造高效、高性能超級(jí)電容器電極材料用的高度柔性CNF的結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控規(guī)律。這些高度靈活和具經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的制備技術(shù)有望拓展輕質(zhì)柔性超級(jí)電容器電極在未來(lái)儲(chǔ)能材料中的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the super capacitor as a potential energy storage device has become the focus of attention of researchers. In the premise of not reducing the super capacitor energy and power density, the researchers have been making great efforts to improve the performance of the super capacitor electrode on the package to develop a highly efficient and effective design method of the flexible the electrode material, and appropriate design of super capacitor structure, namely, symmetric or asymmetric supercapacitor. This paper summarizes the existing theoretical background for a flexible and efficient super capacitor and the recent research progress, and the influence factors, challenges and prospects are discussed. In addition, the current work for the next design the flexible generation of super capacitor especially provide super capacitor of various commercial carbon nano fiber materials. Based on the main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. in this paper, we developed an effective technology The preparation of mechanical strength and flexibility of the hybrid membrane, the hybrid membrane by Co_3O_4 nanoparticles (NPs) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) with pore size distribution and fractal. The quantitative analysis showed that the hybrid membrane has adjustable porous structure and high specific surface area, specific surface area of 483m2/g. in the hybrid membrane by technology prepared at current density of 5m V/s under the specific capacitance as high as 911F/g, more than 1000 cycles in 1M H_2SO_4 solution, the specific capacitance retained 76%. of these highly flexible and cost-effective manufacturing technology to develop the lightweight flexible supercapacitor electrode in the future development of.2. energy storage materials by nickel cobalt, carbon nanotubes combined with CNF (NiCo_2O_4/CNTs CNF), adjust the mesoporous structure by electrospinning and carbonization technology, composite preparation of CNF. composite films were prepared with highly flexible structure with reasonable specific capacitance, even in 1M KOH solution 500 cycles, the successful synthesis of the hybrid membrane at 1A/g current density specific capacitance still reached 220F/g. which has the economic benefits of expanding its application in various fields for the development of flexible.3. hybridized carbon nanofibers by electrospinning, and electrostatic spraying technology, we prepared CNF doped iron oxide and manganese oxide were prepared (the pore size distribution of.BET Fe@CNFMn) and quantitative analysis revealed that Fe@CNFMn has a tunable pore structure, the surface area of 162m2/g, pore volume for the preparation of 0.254cm3/g. film exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. The specific capacitance of 306F/g, 1M in KOH solution after 500 cycles, there are still 81% reservations. In addition, the solid super capacitor to 90 DEG in bending, the specific capacitance is still no significant change. The fiber textile material which has high flexibility and excellent performance for the production of super capacitor electrode has opened up a new route for.4. Advanced technology and all kinds of portable electronic devices, we report an excellent electrochemical performance of supercapacitor with high performance lightweight and flexible for wearable electronic devices. The use of carbon black, and CNF by electrospinning and electrostatic spraying technology for preparation of polyaniline (CB@CNF/PANI), preparation of hybrid membrane with core-shell structure. In addition, CB@CNF/PANI composite nano fiber specific surface area of 333m2/g and micro porosity of super capacitor 75.7%. by hybrid membrane prepared with electrochemical properties of highly stable, 501.6F/g capacitance in 0.5A/g, after 1000 cycles are still 92% remains. In addition, when it is bent in different angle until it reaches 180 degrees, there were no changes in specific capacitance. These three simple steps (i.e., electrospinning, carbonization and electrostatic spray) preparation of super capacitor technology will open up a light flexible for the future The field of energy storage. The paper illustrates the manufacture efficiency, structure regulation of highly flexible CNF high performance supercapacitor electrode materials. These highly flexible and cost-effective preparation technology is expected to expand the light flexible supercapacitor electrode in the future application of energy storage materials.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TM53

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