本文選題：模擬加載　切入點(diǎn)：動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷　出處：《華北電力大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在工程實(shí)際中,如何準(zhǔn)確獲得動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷條件下電機(jī)運(yùn)行性能參數(shù)并進(jìn)行能效評(píng)估,是現(xiàn)階段電機(jī)系統(tǒng)節(jié)能領(lǐng)域亟待解決的重要課題。為了解決這一難題,本文以游梁式抽油機(jī)電動(dòng)機(jī)典型動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷為例,通過理論分析、數(shù)值計(jì)算、試驗(yàn)研究以及“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)井”現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試相結(jié)合的方法,建立一套具備動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷模擬加載測(cè)試功能的室內(nèi)電動(dòng)機(jī)高精度微機(jī)自動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng),通過調(diào)整上位機(jī)模型參數(shù)即可實(shí)現(xiàn)不同動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)載工況的精確模擬加載及能效測(cè)試。主要工作如下：1.研究了微機(jī)自動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)各測(cè)試環(huán)節(jié)儀用互感器、數(shù)據(jù)采集卡及上位機(jī)等非標(biāo)設(shè)備對(duì)其整體測(cè)量精度的影響,建立了系統(tǒng)整體測(cè)試誤差分析模型,提出了相應(yīng)修正措施和軟件解決方案以提高系統(tǒng)測(cè)量精度,有效解決了微機(jī)自動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)初期,根據(jù)系統(tǒng)整體測(cè)量精度要求進(jìn)行元器件設(shè)備精度選型的問題。2.在變頻器驅(qū)動(dòng)伺服電機(jī)作負(fù)載的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合,通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)方法證實(shí)了負(fù)載扭矩中風(fēng)摩耗及附加轉(zhuǎn)矩的存在,揭示了在變頻器驅(qū)動(dòng)精度很高的情況下,該負(fù)載單元實(shí)際加載精度較差的問題；并提出兩種不依賴內(nèi)部參數(shù)的高精度加載控制策略,現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)試表明PI控制和模糊控制兩者穩(wěn)態(tài)精度近似相同,但后者動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)更迅速。3.鑒于現(xiàn)有抽油機(jī)模型在求解精度與仿真速度方面的不足,將抽油桿阻尼非線性波動(dòng)方程歸結(jié)為Dirichlet第一類邊值問題求解,建立用于動(dòng)態(tài)在線測(cè)試的實(shí)用仿真模型；以負(fù)載曲線為模擬對(duì)象,提出一種基于GA算法的抽油機(jī)“等效”模型參數(shù)求解方法.研制一套具備動(dòng)態(tài)負(fù)荷模擬測(cè)試功能的高精度微機(jī)自動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)。4.通過對(duì)油田各項(xiàng)節(jié)能措施的節(jié)能機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)合抽油機(jī)四連桿幾何運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律,剖析了驢頭懸點(diǎn)動(dòng)載荷與電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速間的作用關(guān)系,利用抽油機(jī)負(fù)載曲線“削峰”和“錯(cuò)峰”機(jī)理,探索研究了一種適用于周期性勢(shì)能負(fù)荷的變頻-調(diào)壓分段協(xié)調(diào)節(jié)能控制策略,可為開展油田電機(jī)節(jié)能新技術(shù)提供重要理論支撐。
[Abstract]:In engineering practice, how to accurately obtain motor performance parameters and evaluate energy efficiency under dynamic load condition is an important issue in the field of motor energy saving. In this paper, the typical dynamic load of beam pumping unit motor is taken as an example. Through theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, experimental study and field test of "standard well", the method is proposed. A high precision microcomputer automatic test system for indoor motor is established, which has the function of dynamic load simulation and load testing. By adjusting the parameters of the upper computer model, the accurate simulated loading and energy efficiency testing under different dynamic load conditions can be realized. The main work is as follows: 1. The instrument transformers used in each test link of the microcomputer automatic test system are studied. The influence of non-standard equipment, such as data acquisition card and upper computer, on the overall measurement accuracy of the system is discussed. The analysis model of the overall measurement error of the system is established, and the corresponding correction measures and software solutions are put forward to improve the measurement accuracy of the system. It effectively solves the problem of selecting the precision of components and devices according to the requirements of the whole measurement precision of the system in the initial stage of the development and design of the microcomputer automatic test system. 2. In the application of the servo motor driven by the frequency converter as the load, The presence of the load torque stroke friction and additional torque is confirmed by the field measurement method, and the problem of the actual loading accuracy of the load unit is revealed when the drive precision of the inverter is very high. Two high precision load control strategies are proposed, which do not depend on internal parameters. Field tests show that Pi control and fuzzy control have approximately the same steady-state precision. However, the dynamic response of the latter is faster. 3. In view of the shortcomings of the existing pumping unit model in solving accuracy and simulation speed, the nonlinear wave equation of sucker rod damping is reduced to the solution of the first boundary value problem of Dirichlet. A practical simulation model for dynamic on-line testing is established, and the load curve is taken as the simulation object. In this paper, a method of solving the "equivalent" model parameters of pumping unit based on GA algorithm is proposed. A set of high-precision microcomputer automatic test system .4. which has the function of dynamic load simulation and testing is developed. The energy-saving mechanism of various energy-saving measures in oil field is analyzed. Combined with the geometric movement law of four-link rod of pumping unit, the relationship between the dynamic load of donkey head and motor speed is analyzed, and the mechanism of "cutting peak" and "wrong peak" of load curve of pumping unit is used. In this paper, a coordinated energy-saving control strategy of frequency conversion and voltage regulation for periodic potential load is studied, which can provide important theoretical support for the development of new energy-saving technology for oilfield motors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE938

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