本文選題：太陽能集熱　切入點(diǎn)：輻射制冷　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前建筑能耗占我國(guó)社會(huì)總能耗的1/3左右,而采暖和制冷又是建筑能耗中占比最大的部分。在氣候炎熱的地區(qū)和季節(jié),建筑物的冷能需求較大而熱能需求很小,太陽能集熱器收集的熱能無處消納;此外,太陽能集熱器在夜間也處于閑置狀態(tài)。輻射制冷技術(shù)是指地面物體通過"大氣窗口"與低溫外太空和高層大氣層之間進(jìn)行輻射換熱獲得制冷效果的一種被動(dòng)制冷方式。同樣地,輻射制冷裝置不適用于氣候寒冷的地區(qū)和季節(jié),在白天也很難獲得冷量,且因單位面積制冷功率偏低而使得投資回收期較長(zhǎng)。另一方面,由于平板太陽能集熱器和輻射制冷裝置在結(jié)構(gòu)上高度相似,功能和工作時(shí)段互補(bǔ),這也為太陽能集熱(Photothermic,PT)和輻射制冷(Radiative cooling,RC)在同一套裝置上集成提供了可能性。本文提出了太陽能集熱和輻射制冷(PT-RC)綜合利用的思想,即通過光譜特性和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的設(shè)計(jì),將這兩種物理過程有機(jī)結(jié)合在同一套裝置上。該復(fù)合裝置能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)白天太陽能集熱和夜間輻射制冷,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)裝置的多功能、全天候和跨季節(jié)利用,提高能源綜合利用效率和時(shí)間利用率,縮短投資回收期,促進(jìn)可再生能源的規(guī)�；瘧�(yīng)用。本文針對(duì)太陽能集熱和輻射制冷綜合利用具體開展了以下研究工作:1、系統(tǒng)性地提出了太陽能集熱和輻射制冷綜合利用的思想,并給出了復(fù)合裝置關(guān)鍵部件——板芯和蓋板的光譜選擇原則。理想的PT-RC板芯在太陽輻射波段(0.2～3μm)和"大氣窗口"波段(8～13μm)的吸收/發(fā)射率為1,而在其它波段的反射率為1。理想的PT-RC蓋板在太陽輻射波段(0.2～3μm)和"大氣窗口"波段(8～13μm)的透過率為1,而在其它波段的透過率為0。2、設(shè)計(jì)和試制了 PT-RC板芯材料,該板芯以陽極氧化鋁板為襯底,在其上分別鍍有藍(lán)鈦選擇性吸收涂層和聚酯(PET)薄膜,該P(yáng)T-RC板芯被稱為藍(lán)鈦-PET復(fù)合表面。光譜測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,該復(fù)合表面具有較明顯的光譜選擇性,其在太陽輻射波段和"大氣窗口"波段的平均吸收/發(fā)射率為0.92和0.80,其它波段平均反射率為0.45。3、基于制備的藍(lán)鈦-PET復(fù)合表面,設(shè)計(jì)并搭建了一套PT-RC復(fù)合系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),針對(duì)該實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)在不同工作模式和不同運(yùn)行工況下的集熱和制冷性能進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)期的室外測(cè)試。在白天太陽能集熱模式時(shí),PT-RC復(fù)合系統(tǒng)的瞬態(tài)截距集熱效率和全天截距集熱效率分別為62.7%和38.6%,均達(dá)到了傳統(tǒng)太陽能集熱系統(tǒng)的80%以上;在夜間輻射制冷模式時(shí),復(fù)合系統(tǒng)在晴天和陰天的凈輻射制冷功率分別為 50.3W/1m2 和 23.4 W/m2。4、建立了一套完整的PT-RC復(fù)合系統(tǒng)數(shù)學(xué)的模型,對(duì)復(fù)合系統(tǒng)在兩種工作模式下的熱性能進(jìn)行模擬計(jì)算,并與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比。結(jié)果顯示,在太陽能集熱模式下,系統(tǒng)瞬態(tài)集熱效率的均方根誤差為4.59%;在輻射制冷模式下,系統(tǒng)凈輻射制冷功率的均方根誤差為4.90%。理論計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果基本吻合,表明該數(shù)學(xué)模型可準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)PT-RC復(fù)合系統(tǒng)的集熱和制冷性能。5、利用驗(yàn)證后的數(shù)學(xué)模型,研究了不同運(yùn)行參數(shù)對(duì)PT-RC復(fù)合系統(tǒng)集熱和制冷性能的影響;結(jié)合典型氣象年數(shù)據(jù),針對(duì)復(fù)合系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于合肥、北京、福州和烏魯木齊四個(gè)不同氣候條件地區(qū)的全年性能進(jìn)行了模擬預(yù)測(cè)和分析,對(duì)復(fù)合系統(tǒng)在不同氣候條件下的應(yīng)用提供了優(yōu)化指導(dǎo)方案。6、在太陽能集熱和輻射制冷綜合利用的研究基礎(chǔ)上,提出了光電-光熱-輻射制冷綜合利用的概念,以實(shí)現(xiàn)在同一套裝置上白天光伏發(fā)電和太陽能集熱,夜間輻射制冷,達(dá)到復(fù)合裝置的多功能性和全天候工作特性。設(shè)計(jì)并制作了小型PV-PT-RC復(fù)合模塊,并對(duì)其集熱和制冷性能進(jìn)行了初步的實(shí)驗(yàn)和理論研究。
[Abstract]:At present, China's building energy consumption accounts for the total energy consumption of about 1/3, while heating and cooling is the largest proportion of building energy consumption. In hot climates and seasons, the building of cold energy greater demand and heat demand is very small, the solar energy heat collector without consumption; in addition, solar collector it is in the idle state at night. Radiation refrigeration technology refers to the ground object through "a passive cooling heat radiation to obtain refrigeration effect between low temperature and atmospheric window of outer space and upper atmosphere. Likewise, radiation cooling device is not suitable for cold climates and seasons in the daytime, it is difficult to get cold, and because the unit area of low refrigeration power and makes a longer payback period. On the other hand, the flat plate solar collector and radiation cooling device in the structure of high similarity function and working time each other This is also set up, solar thermal (Photothermic, PT) and radiation refrigeration (Radiative cooling, RC) in the same device integration provides the possibility. This paper proposes a solar heat and radiation refrigeration (PT-RC) comprehensive utilization of ideas, namely the design through the spectral characteristics and structure parameters, the two the physical process of the organic combination of the same equipment. The composite device can realize the daytime thermal solar radiation cooling at night, so as to realize the multifunctional device, all-weather and seasonal utilization, improve energy utilization efficiency and time efficiency, shorten the recovery period of investment, to promote large-scale application of renewable energy. The solar energy in the comprehensive utilization of heat and radiation refrigeration to carry out specific research work as following: 1. Systematically put forward the comprehensive utilization of solar heat and radiation refrigeration theory, and gives the composite device key components- Optical plate core and the cover plate. The selection principle of PT-RC plate core ideal in solar radiation band (0.2 ~ 3 m) and the atmospheric window band (8~13 m) of the absorption / emission rate was 1, and the other is PT-RC band reflectance in cover plate 1. ideal in the solar radiation band (0.2 ~ 3 m) and the atmospheric window band (8~13 m) by the rate of 1, while in the other band through rate of 0.2, design and manufacture of PT-RC plate core material, the core plate with anodized aluminum plate as a substrate, on which are respectively coated with titanium blue selective absorption coating and polyester (PET) film, the PT-RC core plate is called a blue titanium -PET composite surface. The spectrum results show that the composite surface has obvious spectral selectivity, the solar radiation band and the atmospheric window band average absorption / emission rate of 0.92 and 0.80, the other band average reflectance is 0.45.3 prepared blue titanium complex based on -PET The surface, designed and built a PT-RC test platform for complex system, and set the refrigeration performance of the experimental platform in different working modes and operating conditions of the outdoor test long term. In the daytime solar heat collecting mode, transient intercept PT-RC composite system in thermal efficiency and collector efficiency were all day long. 62.7% and 38.6% were achieved more than traditional solar collector system 80%; radiation cooling mode at night, the composite system of net radiation in sunny and cloudy refrigeration power were 50.3W/1m2 and 23.4 W/m2.4, the establishment of a complete set of PT-RC composite system mathematical model is used to simulate the thermal performance of the composite system in two working mode, and compared with the experimental results. The results showed that in the solar heat mode, transient heat collecting efficiency of the root mean square error is 4.59%; in radiation refrigeration Model, the root mean square error of system net radiation cooling power is 4.90%. the theoretical calculation results agree well with the experimental results, show that the mathematical model can accurately predict the performance of.5 PT-RC composite heat collection and refrigeration system, then the model, studies the different operation parameters influence the composite system of PT-RC and the number of sets of refrigeration performance; combined with the typical meteorological year data, the composite system applied in Hefei, Beijing, the annual performance of four different climate regions in Fuzhou and Urumqi were predicted and analyzed, providing guidance on Application of composite optimization scheme of.6 system under different climatic conditions, based on the comprehensive utilization of solar heat and radiation cooling. Put forward the concept of comprehensive utilization of photoelectric - thermal radiation cooling, in order to achieve the same device during the photovoltaic and solar thermal, night radiative cooling To achieve the versatile and all-weather operational characteristics of the composite device, a small PV-PT-RC composite module is designed and made, and its thermal and refrigeration performance is preliminarily studied theoretically and experimentally.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TK51

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