本文關鍵詞： 圍填海活動 黃河三角洲 植被類型 有機碳 溫室氣體　出處：《中國科學院研究生院（東北地理與農業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：黃河三角洲是我國暖溫帶最年輕的濱海濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),近年來由于人口增長和工農業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,使得圍填海等人為活動越加劇烈,加劇了濕地的退化。為了深入了解圍填海活動對濱海濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)植被和碳匯功能的影響,以黃河三角洲濱海濕地為研究對象,通過野外調查、原位觀測和實驗分析,研究了圍填海活動對濕地植被類型變化、有機碳含量、有機碳密度、單位面積有機碳儲量以及溫室氣體排放的影響,主要研究結論如下:(1)圍填海活動對黃河三角洲植被生長具有較大的影響,表現(xiàn)為在東營港和五號樁等圍填�；顒訌娏业牡貐^(qū),植被類型比較單一;而黃河口管理站基本上保持了黃河三角洲新生濕地最完整的植被類型;一千二管理站由于處于蝕退區(qū),盡管植被類型基本上都存在,但表現(xiàn)出一定的不連續(xù)性。圍填�；顒訉χ脖活愋彤a生影響的機制主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面,一是改變了影響植被生長的關鍵環(huán)境因子;二是改變了植被本身的元素配比。(2)黃河三角洲有機碳含量、有機碳密度以及單位面積有機碳儲量具有時間和空間上的變異性,是有機質來源、潮汐作用、植被類型、調水調沙工程以及環(huán)境因子等共同作用的結果。圍填海活動對土壤有機碳的影響主要體現(xiàn)在,人為活動干擾越大,有機碳含量、有機碳密度以及單位面積有機碳儲量越小,可能原因在于圍填海等人為活動一方面改變了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型,對凈初級生產力和土壤有機碳輸入產生影響;另一方面潛在改變了土壤的理化屬性。與我國土壤化學計量比的平均值對比發(fā)現(xiàn),黃河三角洲土壤C/N比相對較高,而N/P比相對較低,這主要與黃河三角洲土壤氮素含量相對較低有關。(3)黃河三角洲圍填�；顒拥热藶榛顒佑绊懴聹厥覛怏w排放同樣具有時間和空間上的變異性。圍堤區(qū)退化濕地、油田區(qū)退化濕地、互花米草濕地以及養(yǎng)殖塘四個研究研究區(qū)的CH4、CO2和N2O通量范圍分別介于-0.0967~0.4107 mg m-2 h-1、-71.14~583.07 mg m-2 h-1和-0.0091~0.0360 mg m-2 h-1之間。比較而言,四個研究區(qū)夏季的CH4和CO2排放通量較大一些,而N2O通量四個季節(jié)的差異性較小。對比不同研究區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn),互花米草濕地CH4和CO2通量大于其他濕地類型,表明互花米草的入侵加速了土壤碳排放。圍堤區(qū)濕地、油田區(qū)濕地、互花米草濕地以及養(yǎng)殖塘全年月均CH4通量分別介于-0.0258~0.0015 mg m-2 h-1、-0.0967~0.0157 mg m-2 h-1、-0.0171~0.4107 mg m-2 h-1和-0.0057~0.0165 mg m-2 h-1之間。四個研究區(qū)CO2和N2O通量則分別介于27.08~334.69 mg m-2 h-1、13.41~197.02 mg m-2 h-1、37.22~583.07 mg m-2 h-1、-67.40~7.28mg m-2 h-1之間和-0.0091~0.0360 mg m-2 h-1、0.0082~0.0125 mg m-2 h-1、0.0015~0.0159 mg m-2 h-1、-0.0020~0.0079 mg m-2 h-1之間,除養(yǎng)殖塘外均整體上表現(xiàn)為CO2和N2O的排放源。(4)通過與國內外濕地和黃河口潮灘濕地溫室氣體排放特征的對比發(fā)現(xiàn),圍填海等人為活動干擾下的黃河三角洲濕地溫室氣體排放通量高于其他濕地類型,主要體現(xiàn)在互花米草的入侵促進了CO2和CH4的排放;圍堤的建設阻斷了海水向內陸的運移,加速了CO2的排放,而對CH4的和N2O通量的影響較小;由于人為干預的影響,養(yǎng)殖塘表現(xiàn)為CO2的吸收匯和CH4的排放源,有別于自然水體溫室氣體通量特征。通過對不同研究區(qū)溫室氣體通量與環(huán)境因子的相關性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),由于受到強烈人為活動的影響,不同研究區(qū)控制溫室氣體排放的關鍵環(huán)境因子不同。(5)圍堤區(qū)濕地、油田區(qū)濕地、互花米草濕地和養(yǎng)殖塘CO2一年內總的排放量分別為438826.12 mg m-2、351516.90 mg m-2、760624.82 mg m-2和-126368.65 mg m-2;四個研究區(qū)一年內總的CH4通量分別為-41.39 mg m-2和-35.53 mg m-2、496.66 mg m-2和36.83 mg m-2,N2O總的排放量分別為46.00 mg m-2、44.18 mg m-2、30.79 mg m-2和36.32 mg m-2�？偟目磥�,圍堤區(qū)濕地和油田區(qū)濕地表現(xiàn)為CO2和N2O的排放源,CH4的吸收匯;互花米草濕地為三種溫室氣體的排放源,而養(yǎng)殖塘為CO2和N2O的吸收匯和CH4的排放源。(6)黃河三角洲主要的圍填海類型包括養(yǎng)殖塘、居民用地以及鹽田,其中五號樁地區(qū)圍填海強度指數(shù)最大,而黃河三角洲保護區(qū)黃河口管理站圍填海強度指數(shù)最小,這也說明黃河三角洲保護區(qū)的存在有力地保護了黃河三角洲的生態(tài)環(huán)境。通過對圍填海強度指數(shù)與土壤指標植被指標的擬合分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)圍填�；顒訉ν寥乐笜说挠绊懜鼮槊黠@。
[Abstract]:The Yellow River delta is the coastal wetland ecological system in warm temperate zone of our country most young, in recent years due to the rapid growth of population and the development of industry and agriculture, the reclamation of human activities has become increasingly fierce, exacerbating the wetland degradation. In order to further rescue reclamation activities on coastal wetland ecosystem and vegetation carbon sink, in coastal wetland the Yellow River Delta as the research object, through field investigation, in-situ observation and experimental analysis, the research on wetland vegetation changes of reclamation activities, the content of organic carbon, organic carbon density, effect of organic carbon and greenhouse gas emissions per unit area, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) reclamation activities have great influence on the growth of vegetation in the Yellow River Delta, is in the port of Dongying and No. five pile reclamation area of intense activity, the vegetation types are relatively single; and the management station basically maintained The most complete type of wetland vegetation in the Yellow River Delta; one thousand and two hundred management station due to the erosion area, although vegetation types basically exist, but do not show a certain continuity. The reclamation activities on the mechanism of the effect of vegetation types is mainly reflected in two aspects, one is the change of the main environmental factors affecting the growth of vegetation the two is the change of the vegetation itself; composition. (2) the the Yellow River delta organic carbon, organic carbon and organic carbon density area unit with the variation of time and space, is the source of organic matter, the tide for vegetation, sand and water diversion project interaction and environmental factors etc. results. Influence of reclamation activities on soil organic carbon is mainly reflected in the interference of human activities is greater, organic carbon, organic carbon and organic carbon density per unit area is small, probably because of the reclamation. On the one hand, human activities changed the ecosystem types, the influence on the net primary productivity and soil organic carbon input; on the other hand, the potential change of physicochemical properties of the soil. With stoichiometric soil in China than the average contrast, the Yellow River delta soil C/N ratio is relatively high, while the N/P ratio is relatively low. This is mainly with the nitrogen content of soils in the Yellow River delta is relatively low. (3) the the Yellow River delta reclamation activities under the influence of human activities such as greenhouse gas emissions have the same variability in time and space. The wetland degradation dike area, wetland degradation oilfield, Spartina alterniflora wetland and four research on the pond CH4. CO2 and N2O were -0.0967~0.4107 mg m-2 flux range between -71.14~583.07 mg m-2 H-1 H-1, -0.0091~0.0360 mg and m-2 H-1. In comparison, the four CH4 and CO2 emission flux in summer is larger in study area, While the smaller difference of N2O flux in four seasons. Different study area contrast, CH4 and CO2 fluxes in spartinaalterniflora wetlands than other wetland types, showed that the invasion of Spartina alterniflora accelerated soil carbon emissions. Embanked area wetland, wetland and wetland oil field, Spartina alterniflora pond monthly average CH4 flux between -0.0258~0.0015 mg m-2 H-1 respectively, -0.0967~0.0157 mg m-2 H-1, Mg m-2 and -0.0057~0.0165 H-1 -0.0171~0.4107 mg m-2 H-1. Four study areas CO2 and N2O fluxes were between 27.08~334.69 mg m-2 h-1,13.41~197.02 mg m-2 h-1,37.22~583.07 mg m-2 H-1, m-2 H-1 and -0.0091~0.0360 mg -67.40~7.28mg m-2 h-1,0.0082~0.0125 mg m-2 h-1,0.0015~0.0159 mg m-2 H-1 -0.0020~0.0079 mg m-2, between H-1, in addition to aquaculture ponds were the overall performance of the CO2 and N2O emissions. (4) through wetlands at home and abroad and the the Yellow River Estuary Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions characteristics of wetland reclamation, et al is higher than that of other wetland types are activities under the disturbance of the Yellow River delta wetland greenhouse gas emission, mainly reflected in the invasion of Spartina alterniflora promoted CO2 and CH4 emissions; the construction of embankment blocking water to the inland transport, accelerate the emission of CO2, and the influence on CH4 and N2O flux is smaller; the influence of artificial intervention, the pond for CO2 absorption and CH4 emission sources, different from the natural water fluxes of greenhouse gas flux characteristics. Through correlation with environmental factors of greenhouse gases in different research area analysis found that due to the intense human activities, different research key control environment of greenhouse gas emission factors. (5) dike wetland, wetland and wetland oil, Spartina alterniflora pond CO2 total emissions within one year were 438826 .12 mg m-2351516.90 mg m-2760624.82 mg m-2 and -126368.65 mg m-2; four of the total CH4 flux within one year were -41.39 mg m-2 and -35.53 mg m-2496.66 mg m-2 and Mg m-2 36.83, the total emissions of N2O were 46 mg m-2,44.18 mg m-2,30.79 mg m-2 mg and 36.32 m-2. in general, dike wetland and oilfield wetland showed CO2 and N2O emission sources, sinks for CH4; spartinaalterniflora wetlands three greenhouse gas emission sources, and ponds for the CO2 and N2O absorption and CH4 emission sources. (6) the the Yellow River delta main types include reclamation ponds, land and Yantian residents among them, five pile area reclamation strength index is the largest, while the the Yellow River delta estuary reserve management station reclamation strength index, which also shows that the the Yellow River delta exist in protected areas and effectively protect the ecological cycle of the Yellow River Delta It is found that the effect of reclamation on soil indexes is more obvious through the fitting and analysis of the strength index of the reclamation and the vegetation index of the soil index.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院（東北地理與農業(yè)生態(tài)研究所）
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X171

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