本文關(guān)鍵詞：快速城鎮(zhèn)化背景下的鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)機(jī)制與模式　出處：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鄉(xiāng)村景觀 景觀功能 跨尺度協(xié)調(diào) 行為決策 保護(hù)模式

【摘要】：鄉(xiāng)村景觀作為一種獨(dú)特的自然文化資源,在傳承中華農(nóng)耕文明、保障糧食安全、維系鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)貌、協(xié)調(diào)城鎮(zhèn)化、保護(hù)生物多樣性等方面都發(fā)揮著重要的功能。但在快速城鎮(zhèn)化過(guò)程中,鄉(xiāng)村景觀特有重要功能正在逐漸喪失。本文從全國(guó)、縣域(安化縣)、村域(馬路溪村)三種不同的視角和尺度,探索了集成多尺度空間、多景觀利用主體的鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)路徑和方向,為實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村景觀的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供理論和方法支撐。主要研究成果如下:(1)論文提出了鄉(xiāng)村景觀宏-微觀集成保護(hù)的基本框架。該框架將鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)的宏觀路徑和微觀路徑進(jìn)行了有機(jī)結(jié)合,有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村景觀特有重要功能的永續(xù)發(fā)揮及鄉(xiāng)村景觀的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。其中,宏觀路徑是指從鄉(xiāng)村景觀本身出發(fā),強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村景觀本身的重點(diǎn)景觀功能與服務(wù)區(qū)進(jìn)行識(shí)別、保護(hù);微觀路徑是指從鄉(xiāng)村景觀利用主體出發(fā),通過(guò)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村景觀利用主體的行為決策引導(dǎo)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村景觀的保護(hù)。(2)構(gòu)建了基于跨尺度協(xié)調(diào)的鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)重要性分級(jí)分區(qū)體系。該體系共有兩級(jí)分區(qū):一級(jí)分區(qū)分Ⅰ～Ⅲ級(jí),主要是受控于大尺度的重要性等級(jí)劃分,本文引入比例控制法實(shí)現(xiàn)大尺度(全國(guó))與核心尺度(安化縣)之間的跨尺度控制與協(xié)調(diào),結(jié)果顯示1級(jí)區(qū)主要包含生產(chǎn)功能和生態(tài)功能,其中生態(tài)功能尤為突出;Ⅱ級(jí)區(qū)包含了生產(chǎn)、生態(tài)、文化三種功能;Ⅲ級(jí)區(qū)有生產(chǎn)和文化兩種功能;二級(jí)分區(qū)則是依據(jù)核心尺度的自身客觀實(shí)情靈活確定,應(yīng)用等分法將研究區(qū)Ⅰ級(jí)區(qū)中的生態(tài)功能細(xì)分為Ⅰ-i和Ⅰ-ii兩個(gè)二級(jí)區(qū)。較于單尺度研究,跨尺度協(xié)調(diào)研究結(jié)果更能體現(xiàn)出核心尺度鄉(xiāng)村景觀中不同景觀功能的定位差異,更利于實(shí)現(xiàn)跨尺度區(qū)域的協(xié)調(diào)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。(3)剖析了鄉(xiāng)村景觀利用主體的保護(hù)行為決策特征與機(jī)制。應(yīng)用經(jīng)濟(jì)理論模型實(shí)證分析,指出中央政府是鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)的積極主導(dǎo)者、政策制度的重要供給者和政策執(zhí)行的"委托人",其保護(hù)決策呈現(xiàn)出從單個(gè)部門(mén)的單一保護(hù)向多個(gè)部門(mén)聯(lián)合的綜合保護(hù)機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)變,這是源于其在社會(huì)成本-收益綜合權(quán)衡下的理性選擇;地方政府具有代理人和理性經(jīng)濟(jì)人雙重身份,這雙重身份促使其在政策執(zhí)行的不同階段呈現(xiàn)出不同的保護(hù)決策特征,以追求自身利益的最大化;農(nóng)戶對(duì)不同的景觀功能呈現(xiàn)出不同的保護(hù)決策特征,這源于農(nóng)戶社會(huì)理性人的身份,其決策不僅受經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的驅(qū)使,更受到倫理道德、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、文化傳統(tǒng)、價(jià)值信念和社會(huì)關(guān)系等非經(jīng)濟(jì)因素的制約。(4)歸納總結(jié)了鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)的發(fā)展階段特征。從研究區(qū)及發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)驗(yàn)中總結(jié)出鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)發(fā)展的四個(gè)階段:即開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)階段(含傳統(tǒng)利用方式階段、過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā)階段和應(yīng)對(duì)保護(hù)階段)、管制階段、治理階段和管護(hù)階段。從最初的開(kāi)發(fā)保護(hù)階段到最后的景觀管護(hù)階段,景觀保護(hù)的目標(biāo)從生產(chǎn)維系到可持續(xù)發(fā)展逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變,其相應(yīng)的鄉(xiāng)村景觀可持續(xù)性呈現(xiàn)出先降后升的趨勢(shì)。(5)探討構(gòu)建了城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程中的鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)模式。針對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)進(jìn)程中的傳統(tǒng)、開(kāi)發(fā)、管制、治理等不同階段提出各自相應(yīng)的鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)模式:傳統(tǒng)-管護(hù)引導(dǎo)保護(hù)模式、開(kāi)發(fā)-管護(hù)轉(zhuǎn)變保護(hù)模式、管制-管護(hù)轉(zhuǎn)型保護(hù)模式和治理-管護(hù)增進(jìn)保護(hù)模式。其中,管制-管護(hù)轉(zhuǎn)型保護(hù)模式是本研究案例區(qū)適宜采納的模式,其對(duì)應(yīng)的政策建議有:近期健全鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)的委托-代理獎(jiǎng)懲體系、重視鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)理念的培育與宣傳;近遠(yuǎn)期促進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村景觀各功能要素的協(xié)同保護(hù)、提升農(nóng)戶在鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)中的主導(dǎo)作用以及增加鄉(xiāng)村景觀保護(hù)政策的創(chuàng)新與彈性。
[Abstract]:Rural landscape as a unique natural and cultural resources, in the tradition of Chinese agricultural civilization, ensuring food security, maintaining rural style, coordination of urbanization, the protection of biological diversity plays an important function. But in the process of rapid urbanization, the rural landscape unique important function is gradually lost. This paper from the county. (Anhua county), village (Village Road) and three different scale perspective, explores the integration of multi-scale space, multi subject landscape use of rural landscape protection path and direction for the realization of the rural landscape sustainable development support to provide theory and method. The main research results are as follows: (1) paper the basic framework of the rural landscape of macro micro integrated protection. The framework of the macro and micro path of rural landscape protection path for organic integration helps to realize sustainable rural landscape unique important function Sustainable development and rural landscape. Among them, the macroscopic path is starting from the rural landscape, landscape function and service area of emphasis on rural landscape itself identification, protection; micro path is starting from the rural landscape by the main body, through the rural landscape with the behavior of the main decision-making guide to achieve the protection of the rural landscape. (2) the construction of rural landscape protection zoning system the importance of cross scale based on the coordination of the system. A total of two partitions: a branch between I ~ III is mainly controlled by the large scale of the importance of the classification, this paper introduces the proportion control method to achieve large scale (National) and core scale (Anhua county) cross scale control and coordination between the results showed that 1 level area consists mainly of the production function and ecological function, the ecological function is more prominent; the second class area includes production, ecology, culture three functions; III there are two kinds of production function and culture; the two partition is based on its core objective truth scale flexible determined to apply research division method of ecological function subdivision first class area in the I -i and I -ii two level two. Compared with the single scale research, cross scale coordination results more can reflect the positioning of different landscape function in the rural landscape of the core scale differences, more conducive to achieve coordinated and sustainable development of cross scale region. (3) analysis of the rural landscape by the main protection behavior decision characteristics and mechanism analysis. Using economic theory model empirical, pointed out that the central government is actively leading rural landscape protection policy. The system of the important supply and policy implementation of the "client", its protection decision represents comprehensive protection mechanism to protect individual departments from single to multiple departments, this is due to the social cost The rational choice of comprehensive income trade-off; the local government has agents and rational economic man of double identity, this dual identity to show different protection decision characteristics in different stages of policy implementation, to maximize their own interests; farmers of different landscape function shows different characteristics of decision to protect the identity of the source. In the rural social rational people, the decision is not only driven by economic interests, more ethics, customs, cultural traditions, beliefs and value restriction social relations and other non economic factors. (4) summarizes the development stage of rural landscape protection features. Summarizes the four stages of the development of rural landscape protection from the study area and the experience of developed countries in the development stage (including: the protection of the traditional utilization stage, development stage and excessive protection stage, control stage response), governance stage and management stage from. The development and protection of the initial stage to the final stage of landscape management and landscape protection goals from production to maintain sustainable development gradually changing, the sustainability of rural landscape showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. (5) to investigate the construction of urbanization in the rural landscape protection model for the rural landscape in the process of protection. The tradition, development, regulation, governance in different stages are put forward their corresponding rural landscape protection mode: traditional management - guide mode of protection, development and Transformation - protection mode, control management transformation protection mode and Governance - pipe protection promote protection mode. The control and protection mode is the transition area is suitable for the adoption of case study in the model, the corresponding policy recommendations are: improve the recent principal Rural Landscape Protection Agency reward system, pay more attention to cultivate and promote the idea of rural landscape protection; promote the village near and far The synergistic protection of the functional elements of the landscape, the promotion of the leading role of farmers in the rural landscape protection and the increase of the innovation and flexibility of the policy of rural landscape protection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU982.29

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