本文關(guān)鍵詞：中階梯光柵光譜儀譜圖信息處理方法研究　出處：《中國科學(xué)院長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 中階梯光柵光譜儀 譜圖信息處理 譜圖還原 波長提取 光譜定標

【摘要】：中階梯光柵光譜儀是一種利用交叉色散配合面陣探測器同時實現(xiàn)高光譜分辨率和全譜直讀的設(shè)備。相比于同體積的其他光譜儀器,中階梯光柵光譜儀不僅光譜分辨率極高,可以實現(xiàn)全譜瞬態(tài)直讀,而且具有寬波段、高能量傳輸效率、無掃描部件等諸多優(yōu)點。隨著光柵制作技術(shù)和高水平探測器研制技術(shù)的發(fā)展,中階梯光柵光譜儀已經(jīng)從天文觀測轉(zhuǎn)向民用,化學(xué)分析、質(zhì)量檢測、地質(zhì)勘探、環(huán)境監(jiān)測等領(lǐng)域都有廣泛應(yīng)用。目前,國外多家公司已經(jīng)推出了一系列的中階梯光柵光譜儀商品,而國內(nèi)仍處于原理樣機的研發(fā)階段。制約我國中階梯光柵光譜儀向產(chǎn)品化發(fā)展的瓶頸是其譜圖信息處理的精度和速度,精度影響儀器指標、速度決定儀器性能�；诖�,本文對中階梯光柵光譜儀譜圖信息處理方法進行了深入研究。具體研究工作如下:第一,提出了基于幾何光學(xué)追跡的譜圖還原模型建立方法。在分析中階梯光柵光譜儀結(jié)構(gòu)特點的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了表征波長與成像光斑坐標之間對應(yīng)關(guān)系的譜圖還原模型。通過棱鏡譜線彎曲的校正實現(xiàn)了整個像面內(nèi)模型誤差小于一個像元,極大提高了譜圖還原的精度。第二,提出了一種適用于中階梯光柵光譜儀原始圖像特點的背景去除算法。通過分析原始二維圖像光斑灰度值的特征,采用形態(tài)學(xué)平滑加邊緣提取的方法鎖定有效光斑并將其余位置的灰度值置為零。該方法減小了譜圖數(shù)據(jù)處理的數(shù)據(jù)量,不僅優(yōu)化了信噪比而且提高了譜圖信息處理的速度。第三,根據(jù)不同波長特性入射光源對應(yīng)的不同成像特點,提出了不同的波長提取算法。針對分立譜光源,采用基于光斑質(zhì)心計算的波長提取算法,針對連續(xù)譜和分立譜光源,采用基于譜圖還原模型的波長提取算法。選擇合適的波長提取算法可以進一步提升譜圖信息處理的速度。第四,設(shè)計編寫了中階梯光柵光譜儀上位機操作軟件,集成譜圖信息處理算法和相機控制功能于一體,實現(xiàn)儀器的智能化操作。第五,提出了在線光譜定標的方法。利用汞燈譜圖數(shù)據(jù)的采集與分析,在一定容錯范圍內(nèi),通過算法計算實現(xiàn)譜圖還原模型的自動校正。自動波長標定完善了中階梯光柵光譜儀操作軟件的功能。第六,通過對各光學(xué)元件公差的分析,提出了一種便于裝調(diào)的結(jié)構(gòu),實現(xiàn)了儀器的快速裝調(diào),為中階梯光柵光譜儀的商品化、批量化提供了新思路。
[Abstract]:The middle step grating spectrometer is a kind of equipment which can simultaneously achieve high spectral resolution and full spectral direct reading by using cross dispersive array detector, compared with other spectral instruments of the same volume. The middle step grating spectrometer not only has very high spectral resolution, but also can realize the whole spectrum transient direct reading, and it also has wide band and high energy transmission efficiency. With the development of grating fabrication technology and high level detector, the medium step grating spectrometer has shifted from astronomical observation to civil, chemical analysis, quality detection and geological exploration. Environmental monitoring and other fields have been widely used. At present, many foreign companies have launched a series of intermediate ladder grating spectrometer products. However, China is still in the research and development stage of the principle prototype. The bottleneck that restricts the development of the middle step grating spectrometer is the precision and speed of spectrum information processing, and the precision affects the instrument index. Speed determines the performance of the instrument. Based on this, the spectrum information processing method of the middle step grating spectrometer is deeply studied in this paper. The specific research work is as follows: first. In this paper, a method to establish the spectral pattern reduction model based on geometric optical tracing is proposed, based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of the stepped grating spectrometer. A spectral reduction model was established to characterize the relationship between the wavelength and the coordinates of the imaging spot. The error of the whole image plane model was less than one pixel by correcting the curve of the spectral line of the prism. The precision of spectral restoration is greatly improved. Secondly, a background removal algorithm suitable for the original image characteristics of the middle step grating spectrometer is proposed. The features of the original two-dimensional image spot gray value are analyzed. The method of morphological smoothing and edge extraction is used to lock the effective spot and set the gray value of the rest position to zero. This method reduces the data amount of spectral data processing. It not only optimizes SNR but also improves the processing speed of spectral information. Thirdly, according to different imaging characteristics of incident light source with different wavelength characteristics, different wavelength extraction algorithms are proposed. Wavelength extraction algorithm based on speckle centroid calculation is used for continuous and discrete spectrum sources. The wavelength extraction algorithm based on spectral reduction model is adopted. Choosing the appropriate wavelength extraction algorithm can further improve the speed of spectrum information processing. 4th, designed and compiled the upper computer operating software of the middle step grating spectrometer. The integrated spectral image information processing algorithm and camera control function are integrated to realize the intelligent operation of the instrument. 5th, the on-line spectral calibration method is put forward, and the data acquisition and analysis of mercury lamp spectrum diagram is made use of. In a certain range of fault tolerance, automatic calibration of spectral pattern reduction model is realized by algorithm calculation. Automatic wavelength calibration improves the function of operating software of middle step grating spectrometer. 6th. Through the analysis of the tolerance of each optical element, a convenient structure is proposed, which realizes the fast adjustment of the instrument, and provides a new way of thinking for the commercialization and batch quantization of the middle step grating spectrometer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院長春光學(xué)精密機械與物理研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TP391.41;TH744.1

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