【摘要】：餐廚垃圾是指居民家庭、餐飲行業(yè)以及企事業(yè)單位食堂在食物加工和用餐過程中產(chǎn)生的廢料和殘余,具有含水率高、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)豐富、可生物降解率高等特點。目前,我國餐廚垃圾的處理方式主要以喂養(yǎng)家畜為主,剩余部分大多與城市生活垃圾混合后進(jìn)行填埋、焚燒或堆肥處理,引發(fā)了嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染及環(huán)境安全問題,對城市衛(wèi)生環(huán)境及居民的日常生活產(chǎn)生了十分惡劣的影響。作為目前比較具有發(fā)展前景的餐廚垃圾處理技術(shù)之一,"消滅型"生化處理設(shè)備重在強(qiáng)調(diào)垃圾的減量,通過外加具有特殊降解功能的微生物菌群降解有機(jī)物質(zhì),就地對餐廚垃圾進(jìn)行消化,避免了餐廚垃圾清運(yùn)時可能產(chǎn)生的二次污染問題,使得餐廚垃圾在源頭上得到了有效控制,較好地實現(xiàn)了餐廚垃圾處理的減量化,具有明顯的社會效益。在餐廚垃圾處理問題引起社會廣泛關(guān)注的大環(huán)境下,本文通過分離篩選餐廚垃圾高效降解菌株,自制復(fù)合微生物菌劑,并依托上海市某公司餐廚垃圾生化處理設(shè)備,對自制復(fù)合微生物菌劑好氧降解餐廚垃圾開展研究,結(jié)合連續(xù)降解過程中各參數(shù)變化規(guī)律,探尋處理設(shè)備最佳物料比及餐廚垃圾降解單個周期規(guī)律,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)從某公司生物材料中分離篩選出10種餐廚垃圾降解優(yōu)勢菌株,經(jīng)初步鑒定,A201、A206、B04為枯草芽孢桿菌,A204、B06為短小芽孢桿菌,A101為簡單純芽孢桿菌,A202為沙福芽孢桿菌,A203為棲稻假單胞菌,B02為解淀粉芽孢桿菌,B07為蠟樣芽孢桿菌,結(jié)合實驗室保存的枯草芽孢桿菌、嗜熱芽孢桿菌、根霉和黑曲霉4種菌株進(jìn)行后續(xù)實驗;(2)選用蕎麥殼作為載體材料,結(jié)合各菌株最佳接種時間將擴(kuò)大培養(yǎng)后的菌體與載體材料混合自制復(fù)合微生物菌劑;(3)利用餐廚垃圾處理模擬裝置對14種菌株及復(fù)合微生物菌劑進(jìn)行餐廚垃圾降解能力驗證,結(jié)果顯示:從pH、溫度、含水率變化趨勢來看,不同菌株在餐廚垃圾降解能力上存在差別,但均不如復(fù)合微生物菌劑效果顯著,且復(fù)合微生物菌劑的減量化效果較為明顯,實驗結(jié)束減重率可達(dá)67.45%,降解能力表現(xiàn)為復(fù)合微生物菌劑A203嗜熱芽孢桿菌A201其他菌株�？傮w上來講,自制微生物菌劑對餐廚垃圾的降解能力要遠(yuǎn)高于單菌株的降解能力;(4)利用某公司餐廚垃圾生化處理裝置,以自制復(fù)合微生物菌劑為載體進(jìn)行餐廚垃圾好氧降解實驗,以pH、溫度、含水率、菌落總數(shù)為指標(biāo),研究最佳物料比及餐廚垃圾單個降解周期,結(jié)果顯示:餐廚垃圾與微生物菌劑填料比為1:4時具有較好的降解效果;單個餐廚垃圾降解周期約在18h左右,此時pH幾乎恢復(fù)至原有水平。
[Abstract]:Kitchen garbage refers to the household, catering industry and enterprises and institutions in the food processing and dining process of the waste and residues, with high moisture content, rich in nutrients, high biodegradable rate and so on. At present, the treatment of kitchen waste in China is mainly to feed livestock, and most of the remaining parts are mixed with municipal solid waste for landfill, incineration or composting treatment, which has caused serious environmental pollution and environmental safety problems. It has a very bad effect on the urban sanitation environment and the daily life of the residents. As one of the promising technologies for the treatment of kitchen waste, the "extermination" biochemical treatment equipment emphasizes the reduction of waste and degrades organic substances by adding microorganism with special degradation function. The local digestion of food waste avoids the problem of secondary pollution that may occur during the cleaning and transportation of the meal and kitchen waste, which makes the food and kitchen garbage under effective control at the source, and realizes the reduction of the disposal of the food and kitchen garbage. It has obvious social benefit. In the environment where the problem of food waste disposal has aroused widespread concern in the society, by isolation and screening of high-efficient degrading strains of kitchen waste, self-made compound microbial bacteria agent, and relying on the biochemical treatment equipment of a company in Shanghai, This paper studied the aerobic degradation of kitchen waste with self-made compound microbial bacteriological agent. The optimum material ratio of the treatment equipment and the single cycle rule of the degradation of kitchen waste were explored according to the variation of the parameters in the process of continuous degradation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Ten dominant strains were isolated from the biomaterials of a certain company and identified as Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus simplex. A202 was a Bacillus subtilis, A203 was Pseudomonas oryzae, B02 was Bacillus amylolyticus, and B07 was Bacillus cereus, combined with Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thermophilus, Rhizopus Niger and Aspergillus Niger. (2) the buckwheat shell was selected as the carrier material, and combined with the optimum inoculation time of each strain, the expanded strain and carrier material were mixed with the compound microbial agent; (3) the biodegradation ability of 14 strains and compound microbial bacteria was verified by using the kitchen waste treatment simulation device. The results showed that: according to the change trend of pH, temperature and moisture content, The biodegradation ability of different strains was different, but it was not as good as that of compound microorganism bacteria, and the reducing effect of compound microbial bacteria was obvious. The weight loss rate at the end of the experiment could reach 67.45%. The biodegradation ability of Bacillus thermophilus A 201 was as follows: compound microorganism agent A 203, other strains of Bacillus thermophilus A 201. On the whole, the biodegradation ability of self-made microbial bacteria was much higher than that of single strain. (4) the aerobic degradation experiment of kitchen waste was carried out by using self-made compound microbial bacteria as carrier, and the pH, temperature, moisture content and the total number of bacteria were taken as indexes. The optimum material ratio and the single degradation cycle of kitchen waste were studied. The results showed that when the ratio of food waste to microbial fungicides was 1:4, the degradation effect was better; The degradation period of single kitchen waste was about 18 hours, and pH almost recovered to the original level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X799.3

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本文編號：2336151