【摘要】：節(jié)能降耗減排是紡織行業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的關鍵,是紡織行業(yè)由粗獷模式向低碳、綠色、循環(huán)經(jīng)濟模式轉(zhuǎn)型升級的有效途徑。對于棉紗漿紗工序來說,解決好上漿能耗和退漿污染是關鍵,除了改進上漿工藝之外,開發(fā)一種能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)低溫上漿、易退漿、廢漿易降解的漿料可以取得事半功倍的效果。本文以玉米原淀粉為原材料,制備常溫可溶(normaltemperature water soluble,NTWS)玉米淀粉,并對其理化性能、漿液性能、漿膜性能及漿紗性能進行系統(tǒng)的研究分析,為棉紗低溫上漿技術的發(fā)展提供實驗依據(jù)和參考。本文首先從NTWS玉米淀粉的制備工藝和原理入手,制備不同常溫溶解度的NTWS玉米淀粉,對其顆粒形貌、熱學特性等理化性能進行研究,并與玉米原淀粉進行對比分析;同時,根據(jù)漿液粘度、粘附力和抗老化性能篩選出具有最優(yōu)高溫漿液性能的NTWS玉米淀粉。其次,以篩選出的NTWS玉米淀粉漿料為研究對象,改變調(diào)漿溫度,控制調(diào)漿溫度范圍為60℃-80℃,以漿液粘度、粘附力等指標表征漿液性能,以漿膜強度、漿膜磨耗等指標表征漿膜性能,研究低溫調(diào)漿對NTWS玉米淀粉漿液、漿膜性能的影響。最后,以40S純棉紗線為實驗對象,使用NTWS玉米淀粉漿料對其進行低溫單紗上漿,優(yōu)化上漿溫度、漿紗速度和上漿壓力等漿紗工藝參數(shù);同時,與紡織廠常用的高溫上漿的氧化淀粉漿料的上漿性能進行對比,研究分析NTWS玉米淀粉的漿紗性能,為今后低溫上漿漿料的研究和開發(fā)提供參考。研究結果表明:(1)與玉米原淀粉相比,NTWS玉米淀粉顆粒扭曲變形,出現(xiàn)中心孔洞,偏光現(xiàn)象消失;NTWS玉米淀粉的糊化吸熱反應現(xiàn)象基本消失,淀粉分子的主鏈成分無明顯變化。(2)常溫溶解度增加,NTWS玉米淀粉顆粒扭曲變形程度逐漸增大,漿液粘度逐漸減小,粘附力出現(xiàn)一定幅度的下降,透光率隨常溫溶解度的升高而上升。NTWS玉米淀粉顆粒的扭曲變形在常溫溶解度為95.48%時達到最高,此時,偏光現(xiàn)象消失,DSC曲線無特征吸收峰,淀粉分子鏈成分變化不大,漿液粘度最低,為1.1m Pa?s,抗老化性能最好,透光率可達88.29%,粘附強力有微幅下降,為48.97N,高于同條件下氧化淀粉的粘附力。(3)在較高的調(diào)漿溫度下,NTWS玉米淀粉的漿液性能較好,在較低的調(diào)漿溫度下,NTWS玉米淀粉的漿膜性能較好。在60℃-80℃的調(diào)漿溫度下,漿液粘度低且熱穩(wěn)定性優(yōu)異,NTWS玉米淀粉漿膜斷裂強度高,斷裂伸長小,漿膜吸濕率受到調(diào)漿溫度的影響不大;隨著調(diào)漿溫度升高,漿液粘附力增加,粘度降低,抗老化性能提升,漿膜的斷裂強度呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,漿膜磨耗逐漸增加,漿膜水溶時間減少;且當調(diào)漿溫度低于70℃時,漿液透光率急劇下降,漿膜的斷裂強度大幅提升,漿膜磨耗明顯降低。(4)經(jīng)過預濕后的紗線,漿紗耐磨性能得到很大提升;上漿溫度升高,漿紗斷裂強力增加,漿紗耐磨性能出現(xiàn)一定程度的降低;漿紗速度的提高對紗線的耐磨性能提升較大;較高的上漿壓力使得漿紗的斷裂強力和耐磨性能明顯增加。與采用高溫上漿的氧化淀粉漿料相比,NTWS玉米淀粉的漿紗增強率和增磨率均高于氧化淀粉,尤其是漿紗增磨率,遠遠超出氧化淀粉。綜上所述,高常溫溶解度的NTWS玉米淀粉漿液粘度低且具有良好的熱穩(wěn)定性能,低溫時漿膜性能出眾,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)在低溫環(huán)境下調(diào)漿上漿,且采用低溫上漿時漿紗質(zhì)量指標高于采用高溫上漿的氧化淀粉漿料。NTWS玉米淀粉漿料具有簡化調(diào)漿操作,降低上漿能耗的作用,是一種能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)低溫上漿、易退漿、廢漿易降解的綠色漿料,契合綠色生產(chǎn)、節(jié)約和高效利用資源的發(fā)展趨勢。
[Abstract]:Energy-saving and emission-reduction is the key to the sustainable development of the textile industry, and it is an effective way to upgrade the textile industry from the extensive mode to the low-carbon, green and circular economy mode. In the process of cotton yarn sizing, it is the key to solve the problem of sizing energy consumption and desizing. In addition to improving the sizing process, a kind of slurry which can realize low-temperature sizing, easy desizing and easy degradation of waste pulp can be achieved with less effort. In this paper, corn starch is used as the raw material, and the corn starch of normal temperature water solution (NWS) is prepared, and the physical and chemical properties, the performance of the slurry, the performance of the serosa and the performance of the sizing yarn are studied and analyzed, and the experimental basis and reference are provided for the development of the low-temperature sizing technology of the cotton yarn. This paper starts with the preparation process and principle of the NWS corn starch, and prepares the NWS corn starch with different normal temperature solubility, and studies the physical and chemical properties such as the particle morphology and the thermal property of the corn starch, and compared with the corn raw starch, and at the same time, according to the viscosity of the slurry, The adhesion and anti-aging properties of NWS corn starch with the optimal high-temperature slurry performance were selected. secondly, the screened NWS corn starch slurry is used as a research object, the temperature of the slurry is changed, the temperature range of the regulating slurry is controlled to be 60-80 DEG C, the performance of the slurry is characterized by the indexes such as the viscosity of the slurry, the adhesion force and the like, and the performance of the serous membrane is characterized by the indexes such as the size of the serosa and the abrasion of the serosa, The effect of low-temperature slurry on the performance of NWS corn starch slurry and serosa was studied. finally, using the 40S pure cotton yarn as the experimental object, the NWS corn starch slurry is used for the low-temperature single-yarn sizing, the sizing temperature, the sizing speed and the sizing pressure and the like are optimized, and meanwhile, the sizing performance of the high-temperature sizing oxidized starch slurry used in the textile mill is compared, The performance of NWS corn starch was analyzed and the reference for the research and development of the low-temperature sizing slurry was provided. The results showed that (1) NWS corn starch granule was distorted and deformed, the central hole and the polarization phenomenon disappeared, and the main chain component of the starch molecule did not change significantly compared with the corn starch. (2) The solubility of the normal temperature is increased, the distortion degree of the NWS corn starch granule is gradually increased, the viscosity of the slurry is gradually reduced, the adhesion force is reduced to a certain extent, and the light transmittance is increased with the increase of the solubility of the normal temperature. The distortion and deformation of the NWS corn starch granules reached the highest when the solubility in the room temperature was 90.48%. At this time, the polarization phenomenon disappeared, the DSC curve has no characteristic absorption peak, the content of the starch molecular chain component is not large, the viscosity of the slurry is the lowest, is 1. 1m Pa? s, the anti-aging property is the best, the light transmittance can reach 88. 29%, The adhesion strength has a slight decrease of 48. 97N, which is higher than the adhesion of the oxidized starch under the same conditions. (3) The performance of the NWS corn starch is better at the higher slurry temperature, and the film size of the NTWS corn starch is better at the lower temperature of the slurry. at the temperature of 60-80 & deg; C, the viscosity of the slurry is low and the thermal stability is excellent, the fracture strength of the NWS corn starch serosa is high, the elongation of the fracture is small, the moisture absorption rate of the serosa is not influenced by the temperature of the regulating slurry, the anti-aging property is improved, the breaking strength of the serosa is reduced, the abrasion of the serosa is gradually increased, the water-soluble time of the serosa is reduced, and when the temperature of the slurry is lower than 70 DEG C, the light transmittance of the serous membrane is greatly reduced, the breaking strength of the serosa is greatly improved, and the abrasion of the serosa is obviously reduced. (4) The wear resistance of the sizing yarn is greatly improved after the pre-wet yarn and the sizing temperature is increased, the breaking strength of the sizing yarn is increased, and the abrasion resistance of the sizing yarn is reduced to a certain extent; and the increase of the speed of the sizing yarn is higher than that of the yarn; the higher sizing pressure makes the breaking strength and wear-resisting property of the sizing yarn be obviously increased. Compared with the oxidized starch slurry with high-temperature sizing, the pulp-yarn enhancement rate and the increasing-grinding rate of the NTWS corn starch are higher than that of the oxidized starch, in particular the sizing rate of the sizing yarn, which is far from the oxidized starch. In conclusion, the high-temperature-solubility NTWS corn starch slurry has low viscosity and good thermal stability, and the size of the serosa is outstanding at low temperature, and the sizing of the slurry can be realized in a low-temperature environment, and the quality index of the sizing yarn is higher than that of the oxidized starch slurry with high-temperature sizing when the low-temperature sizing is adopted. The NWS corn starch slurry has the effects of simplifying the slurry mixing operation and reducing the sizing energy consumption, and is a green slurry capable of realizing low-temperature sizing, easy desizing and easy degradation of the waste slurry, and is matched with the development trend of green production, saving and high-efficiency utilization of resources.
【學位授予單位】：江南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TS103.846.1

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