【摘要】：爐口煙塵是焦?fàn)t攔焦過(guò)程中的主要污染源,集氣罩是爐口除塵系統(tǒng)的核心部件,目前焦?fàn)t爐口集氣罩的設(shè)計(jì)研究主要是根據(jù)以往的工程經(jīng)驗(yàn),缺乏理論分析和模擬研究。為了減少焦?fàn)t煙塵污染,提高爐口除塵系統(tǒng)的集塵效率,本文以山東某焦化廠的搗固焦?fàn)t為例,對(duì)攔焦期間爐口煙塵擴(kuò)散進(jìn)行了理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,并且對(duì)爐口除塵系統(tǒng)的前端集氣罩結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了仿真分析和模擬研究。首先,對(duì)搗固焦?fàn)t攔焦工藝和攔焦過(guò)程中的除塵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了分析,確定了爐口煙塵是目前攔焦過(guò)程中的主要污染源,然后對(duì)爐口除塵系統(tǒng)的主要設(shè)備部件:集氣罩、矩形風(fēng)管和引導(dǎo)風(fēng)機(jī)進(jìn)行了分析比較,并通過(guò)UG軟件建立實(shí)體模型。通過(guò)對(duì)爐口煙塵顆粒物的采樣分析,確定了煙氣中主要元素和污染空氣的化合物,并分析了煙氣中所攜帶的顆粒粒徑,確定了較小顆粒的擴(kuò)散幾乎完全隨氣流而運(yùn)動(dòng)。然后通過(guò)研究各種擴(kuò)散理論,確定了以高斯擴(kuò)散模型為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行研究,由于焦?fàn)t攔焦過(guò)程中爐口煙氣的擴(kuò)散屬于近距離污染問(wèn)題,而且污染源溫度較高,因此將爐口煙氣的擴(kuò)散確定為高溫浮射流。以點(diǎn)源浮力羽流為模型理論分析了煙氣擴(kuò)散中軸心線上的溫度變化,并利用ThermaCAMS65紅外熱像儀對(duì)爐口煙氣擴(kuò)散過(guò)程進(jìn)行了拍攝。根據(jù)擴(kuò)散熱像圖軸心溫度采樣分析隨著距離的變化情況,在采樣的距離范圍內(nèi),變化情況與理論分析基本擬合,從而驗(yàn)證了模型選用的正確,為下一步研究提供了理論支持。通過(guò)爐口煙氣擴(kuò)散的分析,在進(jìn)入集氣罩之前,熱源是擴(kuò)散的主要?jiǎng)恿?而要使煙氣進(jìn)入集氣罩內(nèi),罩內(nèi)所形成的負(fù)壓區(qū)域有著重要影響。利用fluent軟件模擬集氣罩內(nèi)部流場(chǎng),對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)化,選擇了合適的湍流模型,對(duì)計(jì)算區(qū)域進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,并確定了合理的邊界條件。分析了集氣罩的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),比較了矩形風(fēng)管數(shù)量不同,開口面傾斜角度不同和矩形風(fēng)管位置不同三種情況下,集氣罩內(nèi)部的負(fù)壓區(qū)域變化,以及軸心線上各點(diǎn)的壓力。分析結(jié)果表明,安置兩個(gè)矩形風(fēng)管,開口面傾斜角度在5°左右,或者將矩形風(fēng)管安置在兩側(cè)時(shí),集氣罩內(nèi)所形成的負(fù)壓區(qū)域較好。由于環(huán)境空間有限,矩形風(fēng)管安置在兩側(cè)不可取。通過(guò)對(duì)集氣罩的氣相流場(chǎng)分析,改進(jìn)集氣罩結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)之后,利用fluent中的離散模型,對(duì)攔焦過(guò)程中爐口煙塵進(jìn)行了氣固兩相模擬研究。并從現(xiàn)場(chǎng)地面除塵站和爐口附近的煙塵顆粒物進(jìn)行了采樣,分析了顆粒物的粒徑大小和顆粒的表面形態(tài),從而確定了模擬仿真顆粒物的參數(shù)設(shè)置。根據(jù)周圍環(huán)境建立計(jì)算區(qū)域,按實(shí)際情況,以50μm、100μm、150μm和200μm為四種顆粒粒徑代表爐口煙塵顆粒分布,進(jìn)行了模擬仿真和比較分析。研究表明,較小顆粒隨氣相速度場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)性更好,在集氣罩內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間較短,而較大顆粒更容易受重力影響而沉降,若進(jìn)入集氣罩內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),容易堆積。
[Abstract]:Flue dust is the main source of pollution in coke oven coke arresting process, and the gas collecting hood is the core part of the flue dust removal system. At present, the design and research of gas collecting cover of coke oven mouth are mainly based on previous engineering experience, and lack of theoretical analysis and simulation research. In order to reduce the pollution of coke oven dust and improve the dust collection efficiency of the dust collection system at the mouth of the furnace, this paper takes the rammed coke oven of a coking plant in Shandong Province as an example, and carries out theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the smoke diffusion at the mouth during the coke arresting period. The structural parameters of the front-end collector hood of the flue dust removal system are simulated and analyzed. Firstly, this paper analyzes the coke arresting technology of ramming coke oven and the dust removal technology in the coke arresting process, and determines that the flue dust is the main pollution source in the coke arresting process at present. Then, the main equipment components of the dust removal system of the furnace mouth are the gas collecting hood. The rectangular duct and the guide fan are analyzed and compared, and the solid model is established by UG software. The main elements in flue gas and the compounds that pollute the air were determined by sampling and analyzing the particulate matter in the flue gas. The particle size of the smoke was analyzed and the diffusion of the smaller particles was almost completely moved with the air flow. Then, by studying various diffusion theories, it is determined that the study is based on Gao Si's diffusion model. Because the flue gas diffusion in coke oven is a problem of close range pollution, and the temperature of pollution source is high, Therefore, the flue gas diffusion at the furnace entrance is determined to be a high temperature floating jet. Based on the point source buoyancy plume theory, the temperature variation on the axis line in flue gas diffusion was analyzed, and the smoke diffusion process at the furnace entrance was photographed by using ThermaCAMS65 infrared thermal imaging system. According to the temperature sampling of the axial center of the diffusion thermal image, the variation is basically fitted to the theoretical analysis in the range of the sampling distance, which verifies the correct selection of the model and provides the theoretical support for the next research. Through the analysis of flue gas diffusion at the furnace entrance, the heat source is the main power of diffusion before entering the gas collecting hood, and the negative pressure region formed in the hood has an important influence to make the flue gas enter into the gas collecting hood. Using fluent software to simulate the inner flow field of the gas collecting hood, the model is simplified, the appropriate turbulence model is selected, the calculation area is meshed, and the reasonable boundary conditions are determined. The structural parameters of the collector hood are analyzed. The variation of the negative pressure region and the pressure at each point on the axis line are compared under three conditions: the number of the rectangular duct, the inclined angle of the opening surface and the position of the rectangular duct. The results show that when two rectangular air ducts are placed, the inclined angle of the opening surface is about 5 擄, or the rectangular duct is placed on both sides, the negative pressure region formed in the gas collecting hood is better. Due to the limited environmental space, rectangular duct placement on both sides is not desirable. By analyzing the gas phase flow field of the gas collecting hood and improving the structure parameters of the gas collecting hood, the gas-solid two-phase simulation of flue dust in the coke arresting process was carried out by using the discrete model in fluent. The particle size and surface morphology of the particles were analyzed by sampling the smoke particles near the ground dedusting station and the furnace mouth, and the parameters of the simulated particles were determined. According to the surrounding environment, the calculated area is established. According to the actual situation, four particle sizes of 50 渭 m ~ 100 渭 m ~ (100 渭 m) and 200 渭 m represent the distribution of smoke particles at the mouth of the furnace. The simulation and comparative analysis are carried out. The results show that the smaller particles have better mobility with the gas velocity field, and the movement time is shorter in the gas collecting hood, while the larger particles are more vulnerable to the influence of gravity, and if the moving time is longer, it is easy to pile up.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ520.5

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