【摘要】：聚氨酯彈性體(PUE)具有輕質(zhì)、耐磨、減震吸能等優(yōu)點,被廣泛應(yīng)用于國民經(jīng)濟的各個領(lǐng)域。聚氨酯彈性體作為減震吸能部件常用材料,研究其在準靜態(tài)載荷、動態(tài)載荷以及不同溫度條件下的力學響應(yīng),建立其簡單、實用、考慮應(yīng)變率和溫度效應(yīng)的本構(gòu)模型,在對聚氨酯彈性體產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計、制造以及可靠性分析等方面具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義。故本文采用實驗結(jié)合理論分析的方法,開展了如下幾個方面的研究:(1)聚氨酯彈性體材料的準靜態(tài)單軸壓縮測試及其超彈性本構(gòu)的研究;(2)聚氨酯彈性體材料的動態(tài)壓縮測試,建立并驗證其粘-超彈性本構(gòu)關(guān)系模型;(3)聚氨酯彈性體在不同溫度條件下的動態(tài)壓縮測試,并建立相應(yīng)的熱-粘-超彈性本構(gòu)模型。對聚氨酯彈性體試件進行10-3/s、10-2/s和10-1/s三種低應(yīng)變率的單軸壓縮實驗。由應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線可知,三種應(yīng)變率的實驗曲線存在一定的相似性,即都包含初始線性階段、中等應(yīng)變的非線性轉(zhuǎn)化階段和大應(yīng)變條件下的硬化階段。聚氨酯彈性體在準靜態(tài)壓縮條件下也存在一定的應(yīng)變率敏感性。采用六種常用超彈性本構(gòu)模型對實驗曲線進行擬合分析,討論了不同能量密度函數(shù)形式對實驗曲線表征效果的影響;在六種超彈性本構(gòu)模型中,“三項式”本構(gòu)形式具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、參數(shù)少、擬合度高的優(yōu)點,適合表征聚氨酯彈性體低應(yīng)變率下的力學性能。采用霍普金森壓桿裝置對聚氨酯彈性體試件進行恒溫條件下的動態(tài)壓縮測試,獲得四種高應(yīng)變率(3320/s、4460/s、6130/s和7910/s)下材料的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變關(guān)系曲線,聚氨酯彈性體在高應(yīng)變率下的壓縮曲線表現(xiàn)出高度的非線性和應(yīng)變率敏感性。而經(jīng)典的“朱-王-唐”(ZWT)非線性粘彈性本構(gòu)模型對實驗曲線進行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)其對實驗曲線的擬合與預(yù)測效果并不理想,不適合表征聚氨酯彈性體材料大變形的動態(tài)力學性能;為此,文章基于“三項式”形式的超彈性本構(gòu)方程,采用粘彈性力學的方法,構(gòu)建了一種簡單的、與應(yīng)變歷史無關(guān)的、較ZWT本構(gòu)模型更具實用性的粘-超彈性本構(gòu)模型。采用配置溫度控制裝置的霍普金森壓桿裝置對聚氨酯彈性體進行壓縮測試,得到四種溫度(283K、308K、333K、353K)下的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變曲線。由實驗曲線結(jié)果表明,動態(tài)壓縮條件下聚氨酯彈性體的力學行為受溫度影響較大�；谛聵�(gòu)建的粘-超彈性本構(gòu)模型,引入溫度項的影響,進而得到一種簡單的熱-粘-超彈性本構(gòu)形式,從而為聚氨酯彈性體的工程應(yīng)用提供一定的理論和數(shù)據(jù)支持。
[Abstract]:Polyurethane elastomer (PUE) has been widely used in various fields of national economy due to its advantages of light weight, wear resistance and energy absorption. The mechanical response of polyurethane elastomer under quasi-static load, dynamic load and different temperature conditions is studied as a common material for shock absorption parts. A simple and practical constitutive model considering strain rate and temperature effect is established. It has important theoretical significance in the design, manufacture and reliability analysis of polyurethane elastomer. Therefore, by means of experimental and theoretical analysis, the following aspects have been studied: (1) the quasi-static uniaxial compression test of polyurethane elastomer and the study of its hyperelastic constitutive structure; (2) the dynamic compression test of polyurethane elastomer. (3) the dynamic compression test of polyurethane elastomer at different temperatures, and the corresponding thermo-visco-hyperelastic constitutive model. The uniaxial compression experiments of polyurethane elastomer specimens with three low strain rates of 10 ~ (-3) / s ~ (-2) / s and 10 ~ (-1) / s were carried out. According to the stress-strain curves, the experimental curves of the three kinds of strain rates are similar to each other, that is, the initial linear phase, the nonlinear transformation stage of moderate strain and the hardening stage under the condition of large strain. Polyurethane elastomers also have a strain rate sensitivity under quasi-static compression. Six common hyperelastic constitutive models are used to fit the experimental curves, and the effects of different energy density functions on the characterization of the experimental curves are discussed. The "trinomial" constitutive form has the advantages of simple structure, few parameters and high fitting degree. It is suitable to characterize the mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomer at low strain rate. The dynamic compression tests of polyurethane elastomer specimens were carried out under constant temperature by using Hopkinson compression bar device. The stress-strain relationship curves were obtained at four high strain rates (3320 / s ~ 4460 / s ~ 6130 / s and 7910 / s). The compression curves of polyurethane elastomer show high nonlinearity and strain rate sensitivity at high strain rate. The classical "Zhu Wang-Tang" (ZWT) nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model is used to analyze the experimental curve. It is found that the fitting and prediction of the experimental curve is not ideal, and it is not suitable to characterize the dynamic mechanical properties of polyurethane elastomer material with large deformation. Therefore, based on the "trinomial" hyperelastic constitutive equation, a simple and more practical visco-hyperelastic constitutive model, which is independent of strain history and more practical than the ZWT constitutive model, is constructed by means of viscoelastic mechanics. The compression test of polyurethane elastomer was carried out by using a Hopkinson pressure bar device equipped with a temperature control device, and the stress-strain curves at four temperatures (283K ~ 308K ~ (333K) ~ (3) K ~ (35) K) were obtained. The experimental results show that the mechanical behavior of polyurethane elastomer under dynamic compression is greatly affected by temperature. Based on the newly constructed visco- hyperelastic constitutive model, a simple thermo-viscoelastic constitutive form is obtained by introducing the influence of temperature term, which provides some theoretical and data support for the engineering application of polyurethane elastomer.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ334

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