【摘要】：本文主要通過理論分析、數(shù)值模擬、敞開空間靜爆試驗、有限空間靜爆試驗四種方法,研究了不同配方的溫壓炸藥在不同環(huán)境中的爆炸沖擊波特性。通過理論研究,闡述分析了溫壓炸藥在敞開空間中作用機理及其沖擊波的傳播規(guī)律;結合數(shù)值模擬軟件AUTODYN,闡述分析了溫壓炸藥在有限空間中的作用機理,以及準靜態(tài)壓力的經(jīng)驗計算公式。通過對不同裝藥參數(shù)的溫壓炸藥在敞開空間中的爆炸過程進行數(shù)值模擬研究,確定能夠使溫壓炸藥爆轟較為完全的中心傳爆藥比例、中心傳爆藥密度與主裝藥裝藥密度。裝藥參數(shù)對爆炸近場的沖擊波超壓值有一定影響,而對爆炸中遠場的影響較小。當中心傳爆藥比例為8%、中心傳爆藥裝藥密度為1.753、主裝藥裝藥密度為1.95時,溫壓炸藥在爆炸近場沖擊波超壓值最高。通過對不同殼體約束強度的溫壓炸藥進行野外靜爆試驗,運用AUTODYN軟件對該過程進行數(shù)值模擬,得到了殼體約束強度對溫壓炸藥爆炸特性的影響規(guī)律。裸裝藥爆炸沖擊波參數(shù)值、沖擊波衰減速率和后燃峰壓力值大于帶殼裝藥,鋁殼體裝藥爆炸沖擊波參數(shù)值、沖擊波衰減速率和后燃峰壓力值較鋼殼體裝藥高;數(shù)值模擬得到的沖擊波曲線形態(tài)、峰值及沖量與試驗結果吻合較好,且裸裝藥爆炸沖擊波的后燃峰到達時間較帶殼裝藥早,鋁殼體裝藥爆炸沖擊波的后燃峰到達時間較鋼早;初始沖擊波超壓值受殼體厚度影響較大,殼體的存在使沖擊波的傳播滯后。通過有限空間中的靜爆試驗,研究密閉條件下鋁氧摩爾比對溫壓炸藥爆炸性能的影響,在有限空間中測量了不同鋁氧摩爾比溫壓炸藥的沖擊波峰值超壓、沖量與準靜態(tài)壓力值,并用AUTODYN軟件對該過程進行數(shù)值模擬。當溫壓炸藥鋁氧摩爾比在0.5～0.8之間時,沖擊波峰值超壓、沖量與準靜態(tài)壓力值較高,能量輸出效應較佳;數(shù)值模擬得到的沖擊波曲線形態(tài)、峰值超壓、沖量及準靜態(tài)壓力與試驗結果吻合較好;采用Miller余項能較為合理地描述溫壓炸藥的后燃特性。
[Abstract]:Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, open space static explosion test and finite space static explosion test, the shock wave characteristics of different formulations of warm and pressed explosives in different environments are studied in this paper. Through theoretical research, the mechanism of action of warm pressure explosive in open space and the propagation law of shock wave are expounded and analyzed, and the mechanism of action of temperature and pressure explosive in finite space is analyzed in combination with the numerical simulation software AUTODYN. And the empirical formula of quasi static pressure. Through the numerical simulation of the explosion process of the warm pressure explosive with different charge parameters in the open space, the ratio of the center detonation charge, the central detonating charge density and the main charge density which can make the temperature and pressure explosive detonation more complete are determined. The charge parameters have a certain influence on the shock wave overpressure in the near field of the explosion, but have little effect on the far field in the explosion. When the ratio of the central explosive to the charge is 8, the charge density of the central explosive is 1.753 and the main charge density is 1.95, the overpressure value of the warm pressure explosive is the highest in the near field blast wave. Through the field static detonation test of warm pressure explosive with different shell confinement strength, the numerical simulation of the process is carried out by using AUTODYN software, and the influence of shell confinement strength on the explosion characteristics of warm pressure explosive is obtained. The explosion shock wave parameters, shock wave attenuation rate and post-combustion peak pressure of bare charge are higher than those of shell charge, and the parameters of explosion shock wave, shock wave attenuation rate and post-combustion peak pressure of aluminum shell charge are higher than those of steel shell charge. The shape, peak value and impulse of shock wave obtained by numerical simulation are in good agreement with experimental results, and the arrival time of post-combustion peak of blast wave of bare charge is earlier than that of shell charge, and that of aluminum shell explosive shock wave is earlier than that of steel. The initial shock wave overpressure is greatly affected by the thickness of the shell, and the existence of the shell makes the propagation of the shock wave lag. The effect of Al-O _ 2 molar ratio on explosive explosion performance under confined conditions was studied by static explosion test in finite space. The shock wave peak overpressure, impulse and quasi-static pressure of different Al-O molar ratios were measured in finite space. The process is numerically simulated with AUTODYN software. When the Al-O molar ratio of the explosive is between 0.5 and 0.8, the shock wave peak pressure, impulse and quasi-static pressure value are higher, the energy output effect is better, the shape of the shock wave curve obtained by numerical simulation, the peak overpressure, The impulse and quasi-static pressure agree well with the test results, and the residual term of Miller can reasonably describe the post-combustion characteristics of warm pressure explosive.
【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ560.7

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