【摘要】：液噴紡絲技術(shù)即利用高壓高速氣流來(lái)直接牽伸聚合物溶液制備超細(xì)纖維的技術(shù),該紡絲方法結(jié)合了傳統(tǒng)熔噴法產(chǎn)業(yè)化生產(chǎn)纖維和當(dāng)代靜電紡絲制備納米纖維的優(yōu)勢(shì),具有工藝簡(jiǎn)單、耗能低、生產(chǎn)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是一種制備微納米纖維的新技術(shù)。本文以液噴紡絲技術(shù)為基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)模板法制備出功能性納米纖維材料,并研究了其相關(guān)的應(yīng)用性能。取得了一些有應(yīng)用價(jià)值的研究成果:1.聚苯胺(PANI)/聚丙烯腈(PAN)核殼纖維氈:通過(guò)液噴紡絲技術(shù)制備了 PAN納米纖維氈。通過(guò)調(diào)整紡絲過(guò)程中的工藝參數(shù)來(lái)獲得直徑均一的PAN納米纖維氈。接著利用原位聚合法制備了 PANI/PAN核殼納米纖維氈,對(duì)其導(dǎo)電性能進(jìn)行了測(cè)試,通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)正交試驗(yàn)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,可以得到導(dǎo)電率高達(dá)8.22 × 10-3 S/cm的復(fù)合纖維氈。最后,基于PANI對(duì)溶液中Cr(VI)離子的良好吸附能力,我們對(duì)PANI/PAN對(duì)Cr(VI)的吸附性能進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究,研究結(jié)果表明:該復(fù)合纖維對(duì)Cr(VI)離子的吸附能力隨著pH的降低而增加,對(duì)低濃度的Cr(VI)離子具有較好的吸附效果。復(fù)合纖維氈對(duì)Cr(VI)離子的吸附過(guò)程符合假二級(jí)吸附模型,等溫吸附過(guò)程復(fù)合朗謬爾(Langmuir)等溫吸附模型,該復(fù)合纖維氈具有良好的循環(huán)再生性能,此外,我們對(duì)其吸附和再生機(jī)理進(jìn)行了研究。2.Cu_xS/PAN復(fù)合纖維:首先,利用液噴紡制得PAN納米纖維氈,然后通過(guò)銅鹽化學(xué)反應(yīng)制備導(dǎo)電PAN纖維氈,經(jīng)導(dǎo)電性測(cè)試發(fā)現(xiàn)該纖維具有優(yōu)越的導(dǎo)電性,電導(dǎo)率可以達(dá)到4.81 S/cm。該方法是一種在纖維表面發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng),形成金屬化合物導(dǎo)電覆蓋層的方法。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),由于銅離子與聚丙烯腈纖維上的氰基之間具有螯合作用,導(dǎo)電層不易脫落,耐久性較好。我們對(duì)工藝參數(shù)對(duì)產(chǎn)品導(dǎo)電性能的影響進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究。通過(guò)測(cè)試證明所制備的導(dǎo)電PAN纖維氈的導(dǎo)電層以硫化銅(CuS)和五硫化九銅(Cu_9S_5)為主。該復(fù)合纖維具有良好的電磁屏蔽性能,在10 MHz到3000 MHz范圍內(nèi),其電磁屏蔽效能可以達(dá)到27～31 dB,可用于一般工業(yè)或商業(yè)用電子產(chǎn)品。
[Abstract]:The technology of liquid jet spinning is to use high pressure and high speed air flow to directly draw polymer solution to produce ultrafine fiber. This spinning method combines the advantages of traditional melt blown technology and electrospinning to produce nanofibers. It has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and high production efficiency. Based on the technology of liquid jet spinning, functional nanofibers were prepared by template method, and their application properties were studied. Some valuable research results have been obtained: 1. Polyaniline (pani) / polyacrylonitrile (pan) core-shell fiber felt: pan nanofiber felt was prepared by liquid jet spinning technique. Pan nanofiber felt with uniform diameter was obtained by adjusting the process parameters during spinning. Then the pani / pan core-shell nanofiber felt was prepared by in-situ polymerization, and its electrical conductivity was tested. The composite fiber felt with conductivity up to 8.22 脳 10 ~ (-3) S / cm was obtained by orthogonal experiment. Finally, based on the good adsorption ability of pani to Cr (VI) ions in solution, we studied the adsorption properties of pan on Cr (VI) ions in detail. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the composite fibers for Cr (VI) ions increased with the decrease of pH. The adsorption effect of Cr (VI) ion with low concentration is better. The adsorption process of Cr (VI) ion on composite fiber felt was in accordance with the pseudo-secondary adsorption model, and the complex Langmuir isotherm adsorption model during isothermal adsorption process. The composite fiber felt had good recycling and regeneration performance. We studied the mechanism of adsorption and regeneration. 2. CuxS / pan composite fiber: firstly, pan nanofiber felt was prepared by liquid spray spinning, and then conductive pan fiber felt was prepared by copper salt chemical reaction. It is found that the fiber has excellent conductivity and the conductivity can reach 4.81 S / cm ~ (-1). This method is a chemical reaction on the surface of the fiber to form a conductive coating of metal compounds. It is found that the conductive layer is not easy to fall off due to the chelating effect between copper ion and cyanide group on polyacrylonitrile fiber. The effect of process parameters on the electrical conductivity of the product was studied in detail. It was proved that the conductive layers of the conductive pan fiber felt were copper sulfide (CuS) and cuprous pentasulfide (CuS _ 9S _ 5). The composite fiber has good electromagnetic shielding performance. In the range of 10 MHz to 3000 MHz, the electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the composite fiber can reach 2731 dB, which can be used in general industrial or commercial electronic products.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ342.31

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