閃電河正藍(lán)旗元上都遺址段水質(zhì)變化研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-14 10:59
【摘要】：近年來內(nèi)蒙古正藍(lán)旗城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)推進(jìn),工業(yè)化水平提高,地方特色草原旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)飛速發(fā)展,廣大農(nóng)牧民生活質(zhì)量不斷改善,但隨之自然環(huán)境也受到了不同程度的影響。為了做好世界文化遺產(chǎn)元上都遺址周邊生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)工作,特對(duì)閃電河正藍(lán)旗元上都遺址段水質(zhì)進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)分析。根據(jù)正藍(lán)旗氣候特征及該河段水量補(bǔ)給方式,監(jiān)測(cè)時(shí)間選在2013-2016四年的7-9月集中降水期內(nèi),每月采樣一次。采樣地點(diǎn)選在水量較豐富,流速較穩(wěn)定,且為元上都遺址段上游距離最近、人為活動(dòng)影響最大的區(qū)域。根據(jù)《地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB3838-2002)的基本監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目,同時(shí)結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)貙?shí)際可能污染源,選定16項(xiàng)監(jiān)測(cè)因子:溶解氧、PH、化學(xué)需氧量、五日生化需氧量、揮發(fā)酚、氟化物、硫化物、氨氮、六價(jià)鉻、銅、鋅、鉛、鎘、砷、汞、石油類。且根據(jù)該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)地表水水域功能區(qū)的劃分,以上各檢測(cè)因子結(jié)果評(píng)價(jià)執(zhí)行Ⅴ類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值。通過監(jiān)測(cè)得出結(jié)論:2013-2016四年期間,閃電河正藍(lán)旗元上都遺址段水質(zhì)總體變化較小,但部分檢測(cè)因子存在明顯變化且有超標(biāo)情況。(1)理化指標(biāo):pH值基本上呈逐年增大趨勢(shì),且2016年存在超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象;溶解氧呈逐年下降趨勢(shì)。(2)還原性綜合指標(biāo):生化需氧量(BOD5)、化學(xué)需氧量(COD)基本上呈逐年增大趨勢(shì);且2013、2015、2016三個(gè)年度均存在超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象。(3)重金屬類檢測(cè)因子:六價(jià)鉻、銅、鋅、鉛、鎘、汞六項(xiàng)指標(biāo)四年期間基本上無變化,檢測(cè)結(jié)果均達(dá)標(biāo)且多為檢出限以下。(4)其他非金屬類檢測(cè)因子:揮發(fā)酚、硫化物、氨氮、砷、石油類五項(xiàng)指標(biāo)四年期間均變化較小,且全部達(dá)標(biāo)。而氟化物基本上呈逐年增大趨勢(shì),且2016年存在超標(biāo)現(xiàn)象。通過對(duì)以上監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果的討論,總結(jié)導(dǎo)致部分檢測(cè)因子超標(biāo)及變化趨勢(shì)的可能原因,并根據(jù)原因逐一分析排查,從而有針對(duì)性的提出該河段水質(zhì)保護(hù)的建議及措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of urbanization in Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia has been advanced, the level of industrialization has been improved, the tourism industry of grassland with local characteristics has developed rapidly, and the quality of life of farmers and herdsmen has been continuously improved, but the natural environment has also been affected to varying degrees. In order to protect the ecological environment around Yuanshangdu site of the World Cultural Heritage, the water quality of the site section of Zhenglan Banner of the Lightning River is monitored and analyzed. According to the climatic characteristics of Zhenglan Banner and the water supply pattern of the reach, the monitoring time is selected during the July-September precipitation period of 2013-2016, which is sampled once a month. The sampling site is located in the area with abundant water quantity, stable flow velocity and the closest upstream distance from the upper reaches of Yuanshangdu site, which has the greatest influence on human activities. According to the basic monitoring items of the Environmental quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) and combined with the local possible pollution sources, 16 monitoring factors were selected: dissolved oxygen demand (do), chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (Bod), volatile phenol, fluoride, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen, etc. Hexavalent chromium, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, petroleum. According to the classification of the surface water area in the standard, the results of the above test factors evaluate the implementation of the class V standard limit. It is concluded by monitoring that the water quality of Shangdu site in Zhenglan Banner of the Lightning River changed little in the period of 2013-2016, but some of the detection factors were obviously changed and exceeded the standard. (1) the physical and chemical index, the pH value, showed an increasing trend year by year. Moreover, the phenomenon of exceeding the standard was found in 2016, and the dissolved oxygen (do) decreased year by year. (2) the comprehensive index of reductivity: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) was increasing year by year. And in 20152016, there was a phenomenon of exceeding the standard. (3) the detection factors of heavy metals: hexavalent chromium, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury basically remained unchanged during the four-year period. (4) other nonmetallic detection factors: volatile phenol, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen, arsenic and petroleum changed little in four years, and all of them were up to standard. The fluoride is increasing year by year, and there is a phenomenon of exceeding the standard in 2016. Through the discussion of the above monitoring results, this paper summarizes the possible causes that lead to some detection factors exceeding the standard and the changing trend, and analyzes the causes one by one, and then puts forward some suggestions and measures for the protection of water quality in the reach of the river.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X832
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of urbanization in Zhenglan Banner of Inner Mongolia has been advanced, the level of industrialization has been improved, the tourism industry of grassland with local characteristics has developed rapidly, and the quality of life of farmers and herdsmen has been continuously improved, but the natural environment has also been affected to varying degrees. In order to protect the ecological environment around Yuanshangdu site of the World Cultural Heritage, the water quality of the site section of Zhenglan Banner of the Lightning River is monitored and analyzed. According to the climatic characteristics of Zhenglan Banner and the water supply pattern of the reach, the monitoring time is selected during the July-September precipitation period of 2013-2016, which is sampled once a month. The sampling site is located in the area with abundant water quantity, stable flow velocity and the closest upstream distance from the upper reaches of Yuanshangdu site, which has the greatest influence on human activities. According to the basic monitoring items of the Environmental quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) and combined with the local possible pollution sources, 16 monitoring factors were selected: dissolved oxygen demand (do), chemical oxygen demand (COD), 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (Bod), volatile phenol, fluoride, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen, etc. Hexavalent chromium, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, petroleum. According to the classification of the surface water area in the standard, the results of the above test factors evaluate the implementation of the class V standard limit. It is concluded by monitoring that the water quality of Shangdu site in Zhenglan Banner of the Lightning River changed little in the period of 2013-2016, but some of the detection factors were obviously changed and exceeded the standard. (1) the physical and chemical index, the pH value, showed an increasing trend year by year. Moreover, the phenomenon of exceeding the standard was found in 2016, and the dissolved oxygen (do) decreased year by year. (2) the comprehensive index of reductivity: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) was increasing year by year. And in 20152016, there was a phenomenon of exceeding the standard. (3) the detection factors of heavy metals: hexavalent chromium, copper, zinc, lead, cadmium and mercury basically remained unchanged during the four-year period. (4) other nonmetallic detection factors: volatile phenol, sulphide, ammonia nitrogen, arsenic and petroleum changed little in four years, and all of them were up to standard. The fluoride is increasing year by year, and there is a phenomenon of exceeding the standard in 2016. Through the discussion of the above monitoring results, this paper summarizes the possible causes that lead to some detection factors exceeding the standard and the changing trend, and analyzes the causes one by one, and then puts forward some suggestions and measures for the protection of water quality in the reach of the river.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X832
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