本文選題：藍(lán)靛果 + 超高壓輔助提取��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于果實(shí)中營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量豐富,藍(lán)靛果越來(lái)越受全世界人們的關(guān)注,逐漸成為目前市場(chǎng)中熱門功能性食品的原料,其黑紫色的果實(shí)中含有的酚類成分對(duì)人體具有清除體內(nèi)自由基、抗炎、抗腫瘤、抗癌、抑制脂質(zhì)過氧化和血小板凝集、保護(hù)肝臟、預(yù)防糖尿病、減肥、保護(hù)視力等多種生理保健功能,然而由于酚類物質(zhì)自身化學(xué)性質(zhì),其穩(wěn)定性受到pH大小、溫度高低、光照強(qiáng)弱、溶液中金屬離子種類等多種外在環(huán)境影響,而目前采用的抗氧化物提取方法具有很多局限性不能滿足多酚提取的要求,尋找一個(gè)更適合藍(lán)靛果抗氧化物質(zhì)提取的方法意義重大。本試驗(yàn)探究了超高壓輔助提取對(duì)藍(lán)靛果抗氧化物提取量,以及抗氧化活性的影響。并以超聲波提取法為對(duì)比,比較了兩種方法在藍(lán)靛果抗氧化物提取中的優(yōu)點(diǎn)與缺點(diǎn)并分別對(duì)超高壓輔助提取藍(lán)靛果多酚和花色苷進(jìn)行了響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化,比較了兩種方法提取物的抗氧化活性的大小,花色苷的組成及含量,結(jié)論如下:超高壓輔助提取可以提高藍(lán)靛果抗氧化物的提取量及抗氧化能力,當(dāng)壓力為300 MPa時(shí)多酚的提取量最大400 MPa時(shí)花色苷含量最高,但超高壓對(duì)藍(lán)靛果VC具有一定的破壞作用。經(jīng)過不同壓力提取的藍(lán)靛果抗氧化物清除ABTS+·能力、清除DPPH自由基能力、FRAP值比對(duì)照組高,并在400 MPa時(shí)達(dá)到最高水平。通過電子透射鏡觀察藍(lán)靛果細(xì)胞,在放大1000、3000倍條件下觀察未經(jīng)過處理的藍(lán)靛果細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)完整,細(xì)胞壁輪廓清晰,細(xì)胞內(nèi)容物沒有溢出,實(shí)驗(yàn)組細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)遭到破壞,細(xì)胞壁輪廓混亂,內(nèi)容物溢出。結(jié)果說明超高壓處理可以破壞藍(lán)靛果細(xì)胞壁結(jié)構(gòu)使胞內(nèi)抗氧化物與溶劑充分接觸,從而提高抗氧化物的提取量。應(yīng)用響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化超高壓輔助提取藍(lán)靛果多酚,得到最優(yōu)工藝條件為固液比1:19(g/mL)、提取壓力406MPa、提取溫度30℃、提取時(shí)間11.5min,在此條件下得到的多酚提取量為(776.21±1.43)mg/100g與理論值非常相似�？寡趸瘜�(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過超高壓輔助提取的藍(lán)靛果多酚對(duì)1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力、2,2'-聯(lián)氨-雙-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺鹽自由基清除能力、Fe3+還原能力顯著高于同質(zhì)量濃度條件下超聲波提取的藍(lán)靛果多酚。與超聲波提取法比較可以看出超高壓輔助提取藍(lán)靛果多酚過程需要的時(shí)間短,提取物的抗氧化能力強(qiáng),但受到容器大小的限制,在大批量提取藍(lán)靛果多酚的情況下,超高壓輔助提取的效率和提取量仍然不及超聲波提取。響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化超高壓取藍(lán)靛果花色苷最優(yōu)條件為料液比提取壓力400 MPa、固液比1:19(m/V)、提取時(shí)間10.5min、提取溫度30℃,在此條件下,得到的藍(lán)靛果花色苷提取量為26.24±0.43mg/g,與理論值相似。與對(duì)照組相比超高壓輔助提取藍(lán)靛果花色苷過程需要的時(shí)間短,提取溫度較低,提取量多,對(duì)花色苷保護(hù)較好且超高壓輔助提取的藍(lán)靛果花色苷超聲波提取抗氧化能力強(qiáng)。液相質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用在富含花色苷的提取物中檢測(cè)到12種花色苷單體,且超高壓輔助提取的提取物中花色昔總含量高于超聲波提取,然而經(jīng)過不同方法提取物中同種花色苷單體含量不同,說明不同的提取方法對(duì)藍(lán)靛果花色苷單體的提取量影響很大,且從總體上看超高壓輔助提取更有利于藍(lán)靛果花色苷提取。
[Abstract]:Because of the rich nutrient content in the fruit, the indigo fruit is becoming more and more concerned by people all over the world, and gradually becomes the raw material of the hot functional food in the market. The phenolic components in its black purple fruit have clear free radicals, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anticancer drugs, and inhibit the lipid peroxidation and platelet aggregation and protect the liver. It is dirty, prevent diabetes, lose weight, protect vision and other physiological health functions. However, due to the chemical properties of phenolic substances, the stability is affected by pH size, temperature, light intensity, and the variety of metal ions in the solution, and the present method of antioxidant extraction has many limitations that can not satisfy polyphenols. In this experiment, the effects of ultra high pressure extraction on the antioxidant activity and the antioxidant activity of indigo fruit were investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods in the extraction of antioxidant extracts from indigo fruit were compared with the ultrasonic extraction method. The response surface of polyphenols and Anthocyanins Extracted from indigo fruit by ultra high pressure was optimized. The antioxidant activity of the two methods, the composition and content of anthocyanins were compared. The conclusion was as follows: the extraction of antioxidants and antioxidant capacity of indigo fruit can be improved by ultra high pressure extraction. When the pressure is 300 MPa, the polyphenols can be improved. The content of anthocyanin was highest at the maximum of 400 MPa extraction, but ultrahigh pressure had a certain damage to the VC of Lonicera indigo fruit. The antioxidants of Lonicera edulis extracted by different pressures were scavenging ABTS+. Ability to clear DPPH free radical, FRAP value was higher than that of the control group, and reached the highest level at 400 MPa. The blue indigo fruit cells were observed by electronic transmission mirror. Under the condition of 10003000 times magnification, the intact cell structure of indigo fruit cells was observed, the cell wall outline was clear, the cell content was not spillover, the cell structure of the experimental group was destroyed, the cell wall contour was confused and the content spilt. The results showed that the ultrahigh pressure treatment could destroy the structure of the blue indigo fruit cell wall and make the intracellular antioxidants and solvent. The extraction of polyphenols from Lonicera Indigo is optimized by the response surface optimization. The optimum conditions are that the solid-liquid ratio is 1:19 (g/mL), the extraction pressure is 406MPa, the extraction temperature is 30, and the extraction time is 11.5min. The extraction amount of polyphenol is (776.21 + 1.43) mg/100g and the theoretical value is very similar to that of the theoretical value. The results of antioxidant experiment showed that the scavenging ability of polyphenols to 1,1- two phenyl -2- three nitrophenyl hydrazine, 2,2'- hydrazine double (3- ethyl benzothiazoline -6- sulfonic acid) two amine salt free radical scavenging ability, Fe3+ reduction ability was significantly higher than the ultrasonic extraction of Lonicera Lonicera polyphenols under the condition of homogeneous concentration. Compared with the ultrasonic extraction method, it can be seen that the time of extracting polyphenols from Lonicera indigo fruit by ultra high pressure is short and the antioxidant capacity of the extract is strong, but it is limited by the size of the container. Under the condition of large batch extraction of Lonicera edulis polyphenols, the efficiency and extraction of ultra high pressure extraction is still less than the ultrasonic extraction. The response surface is optimized. The optimum conditions for extracting anthocyanins from indigo fruit were 400 MPa of the extraction pressure, the solid-liquid ratio at 1:19 (m/V), the extraction time 10.5min, and the extraction temperature of 30 degrees C. Under this condition, the extraction of anthocyanins from Lonicera edulis was 26.24 + 0.43mg/g, similar to the theoretical value. The extraction of anthocyanins from anthocyanins was better than the extraction of anthocyanins. 12 anthocyanins were detected by liquid phase mass spectrometry in the extracts of anthocyanins rich in anthocyanins, and the total content of the celecoxib was higher than that in ultrasonic extraction. The content of isoanthocyanins in the extracts of different methods was different, indicating that different extraction methods had a great influence on the extraction of anthocyanin monomer of Lonicera edulis, and in general, the extraction of anthocyanin from Lonicera indigo fruit was more beneficial to the extraction of anthocyanin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ914.1

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