本文選題：陶瓷材料 + 超聲激勵(lì)復(fù)頻加工　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：陶瓷等硬脆材料以其高熔點(diǎn)、高硬度、高耐磨性、耐氧化、密度小等優(yōu)點(diǎn),廣泛應(yīng)用于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域,但也使得其加工變得十分困難。為解決傳統(tǒng)加工方法中效率低、成本高、表面損傷、精度低、導(dǎo)電性要求較高和加工質(zhì)量差的缺點(diǎn),本文將超聲激勵(lì)復(fù)頻加工技術(shù)應(yīng)用于陶瓷加工中,提出了超聲激勵(lì)復(fù)頻加工方法,該加工方法是在傳統(tǒng)超聲加工的基礎(chǔ)上,引入自由質(zhì)量,自由質(zhì)量作低頻振動(dòng),高、低頻振動(dòng)共同驅(qū)使鉆頭完成切削。本文首先介紹了超聲激勵(lì)復(fù)頻加工的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律和特點(diǎn),在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了自由質(zhì)量、變幅桿輸出端和鉆頭三者在碰撞過程中位移和速度的變化情況,得出自由質(zhì)量通過碰撞可以改變變幅桿和鉆頭的振幅,從而使振動(dòng)能量更加有效地傳遞到鉆頭;建立了加工系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,根據(jù)一維縱向振動(dòng)方程和沖擊振動(dòng)理論,推導(dǎo)了鉆頭的動(dòng)應(yīng)力方程,即自由質(zhì)量的厚度與鉆頭的動(dòng)應(yīng)力有關(guān),并且兩者呈正相關(guān);利用壓痕斷裂力學(xué)模型,探究了材料去除機(jī)制,發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著鉆頭動(dòng)應(yīng)力的增加,裂紋的生成速度、數(shù)目和擴(kuò)展速度也隨著增加。通過分析自由質(zhì)量的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式,得到了自由質(zhì)量的振動(dòng)頻率公式,發(fā)現(xiàn)其振動(dòng)頻率與厚度有關(guān),而且當(dāng)振動(dòng)范圍不變時(shí),厚度越大振動(dòng)頻率越高;并根據(jù)能量守恒得出,鉆頭的平均振動(dòng)功率能夠達(dá)到3310 W,較換能器的機(jī)械功率高出15倍,結(jié)果說明自由質(zhì)量可以將高頻振動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換為低頻、高功率的機(jī)械沖擊運(yùn)動(dòng);利用頻率測(cè)量設(shè)備,分別測(cè)得不同自由質(zhì)量的振動(dòng)頻率,發(fā)現(xiàn)自由質(zhì)量同時(shí)以多種頻率在振動(dòng),并且振動(dòng)頻率隨著厚度的增加而增加;厚度4.5 mm自由質(zhì)量的平均振動(dòng)頻率約為6311.4 Hz,為厚度3.5 mm自由質(zhì)量的3倍,與理論分析結(jié)果相一致�；趶椈少|(zhì)量模型,分析了自由質(zhì)量的運(yùn)動(dòng)過程,發(fā)現(xiàn)自由質(zhì)量能夠極大地提高鉆頭的振動(dòng)能量;為驗(yàn)證自由質(zhì)量對(duì)加工效果的影響,開展了超聲激勵(lì)復(fù)頻加工陶瓷實(shí)驗(yàn),測(cè)得不同自由質(zhì)量厚度條件下的材料去除率,發(fā)現(xiàn)相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)超聲加工,4.5 mm的自由質(zhì)量能夠使材料去除率提高5倍,并且避免了表面損傷;此外,隨著厚度的增加,材料去除率呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),且增長(zhǎng)速度越來越快,其平均增長(zhǎng)速度達(dá)到91(mg/min)/mm。為研究材料去除率的變化規(guī)律及影響因素,對(duì)自由質(zhì)量厚度、外徑和加工時(shí)間三因素進(jìn)行了正交實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)自由質(zhì)量厚度的極差最大,為77.7mg/min,說明自由質(zhì)量厚度對(duì)材料去除率的影響最為顯著,并且厚度越大材料去除率越高;材料去除率隨外徑的增加,其近似成線性增長(zhǎng);加工時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),材料去除率越高,并且增長(zhǎng)速度越來越快。
[Abstract]:Ceramics and other hard brittle materials are widely used in various fields because of their advantages of high melting point, high hardness, high wear resistance, oxidation resistance and low density, but also make it very difficult to process. In order to solve the disadvantages of low efficiency, high cost, surface damage, low precision, high electrical conductivity and poor machining quality in traditional machining methods, this paper applies ultrasonic excitation complex frequency machining technology to ceramic machining. The ultrasonic excitation complex frequency machining method is put forward. The machining method is based on the traditional ultrasonic machining. The free mass and free mass are introduced for low frequency vibration. The high and low frequency vibration together drive the bit to complete the cutting. In this paper, the motion law and characteristics of ultrasonic excited complex frequency machining are introduced, and the displacement and velocity of free mass, output end of amplitude lever and bit during collision are analyzed. It is concluded that the free mass can change the amplitude of the horn and bit by collision, so that the vibration energy can be transferred to the drill more effectively, and the mathematical model of the machining system is established, which is based on the one-dimensional longitudinal vibration equation and the shock vibration theory. The dynamic stress equation of the bit is derived, that is, the thickness of the free mass is related to the dynamic stress of the bit, and there is a positive correlation between them, and the mechanism of material removal is explored by using the indentation fracture mechanics model, and it is found that with the increase of the dynamic stress of the bit, The rate of crack formation, the number of cracks and the propagation rate also increase. By analyzing the motion form of free mass, the formula of vibration frequency of free mass is obtained. It is found that the vibration frequency is related to thickness, and when the vibration range is constant, the greater the thickness of vibration is, the higher the vibration frequency is, and according to the conservation of energy, The average vibration power of the bit can reach 3310 Ws, which is 15 times higher than the mechanical power of the transducer. The result shows that the free mass can convert the high frequency vibration into the low frequency and high power mechanical impact motion. The vibration frequencies of different free masses are measured, and it is found that the free mass vibrates simultaneously with a variety of frequencies, and the vibration frequency increases with the increase of the thickness. The average vibration frequency of 4.5mm free mass is about 6311.4 Hz, which is 3 times of the thickness of 3.5mm free mass, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. Based on the spring mass model, the movement process of free mass is analyzed, and it is found that free mass can greatly improve the vibration energy of drill bit. It is found that the free mass of 4.5 mm in ultrasonic machining can increase the material removal rate by 5 times and avoid the surface damage with the increase of the thickness, and the material removal rate under different free mass thickness can be increased by 5 times, in addition, with the increase of the thickness, the material removal rate can be increased by 5 times, and the surface damage can be avoided. The material removal rate showed an increasing trend, and the growth rate was faster and faster. The average growth rate of the material removal rate was 91 mg / min / m ~ (-1) 路min ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1). In order to study the change law of material removal rate and its influencing factors, the orthogonal experiments were carried out on three factors, free mass thickness, outer diameter and processing time, and it was found that the maximum difference of free mass thickness was found. It is 77.7 mg / min, which shows that the free mass thickness has the most significant effect on the material removal rate, and the larger the material thickness is, the higher the material removal rate is, and the material removal rate increases linearly with the increase of external diameter, and the longer the processing time, the higher the material removal rate. And growing faster and faster.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ174.6

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本文編號(hào)：1936358