本文選題：上海市郊 + 大氣沉降��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：蔬菜中含有多種人體所必需的維生素、糖類、膳食纖維和礦物質(zhì)等營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分,在人們膳食中占有重要比例。近年來(lái),食品中重金屬超標(biāo)事件頻頻發(fā)生,因重金屬含量超標(biāo)而引發(fā)的食品安全問(wèn)題受到了廣泛的社會(huì)關(guān)注。為此,2017年2月,國(guó)務(wù)院印發(fā)的《"十三五"國(guó)家食品安全規(guī)劃》,強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)耕地重金屬污染治理并明確要求嚴(yán)格實(shí)施從農(nóng)田到餐桌的全鏈條監(jiān)管。重金屬作為一種無(wú)機(jī)污染物質(zhì),具有高富集、低遷移的特點(diǎn),嚴(yán)重威脅自然生態(tài)環(huán)境安全和人類健康。在蔬菜的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境中,土壤、水和大氣中的重金屬污染,會(huì)妨礙蔬菜的正常生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,且環(huán)境中的重金屬會(huì)在蔬菜體內(nèi)積累,由食物鏈進(jìn)入人體,威脅人體健康。上海市郊地區(qū)蔬菜生產(chǎn)基地和零散農(nóng)田為上海居民供應(yīng)了大量蔬菜,由于大氣沉降、污水灌溉、土壤質(zhì)量不達(dá)標(biāo)等原因,這些蔬菜面臨著嚴(yán)重的重金屬污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn),存在潛在安全隱患。本研究選取上海市郊為研究區(qū)域,以Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg和As六種重金屬元素作為主要研究指標(biāo),通過(guò)大氣顆粒物采樣和蔬菜的無(wú)土栽培模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合,系統(tǒng)分析大氣沉降對(duì)蔬菜重金屬的影響。并通過(guò)室內(nèi)干、濕沉降模擬實(shí)驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)地研究蔬菜葉片施用重金屬對(duì)蔬菜根部及可食部分的貢獻(xiàn)率,揭示重金屬被蔬菜葉片吸收后,在蔬菜內(nèi)部的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過(guò)程。分析研究區(qū)域大氣顆粒物的含量水平,大氣顆粒物PM2.5的重金屬污染水平;評(píng)價(jià)施加于葉片不同濃度重金屬后蔬菜根部與可食部分的污染水平,以期探索研究區(qū)大氣沉降與蔬菜重金屬污染對(duì)人體健康的綜合影響。利用無(wú)土栽培技術(shù)模擬重金屬減少根系吸收的影響,完善在自然狀態(tài)下,蔬菜葉面對(duì)大氣沉降重金屬吸收的機(jī)理研究。主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)閔行區(qū)PM2.5中重金屬元素Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg和As的平均質(zhì)量濃度分別為0.49、5.78、17.89、188、0.0104和2.62 ng m~(-3)。不同重金屬元素從大到小排序依次為ZnPbCuAsCdHg。健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型計(jì)算出閔行區(qū)大氣PM2.5中重金屬經(jīng)呼吸途徑進(jìn)入人體的年均超額危險(xiǎn)度由高到低依次為AsCdPbZnCuHg。對(duì)不同人群的危險(xiǎn)度對(duì)成年男性最高,依次為成年女性和兒童的1.15和1.5倍。(2)大氣暴露及室內(nèi)模擬種植蔬菜實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,室內(nèi)四種蔬菜可食部分中所有元素含量均在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值內(nèi),大氣暴露四種蔬菜Zn、Cd、Cu和As的含量也均小于國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的蔬菜重金屬污染限值。室內(nèi)模擬蔬菜生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境較好,重金屬含量低,而室外大氣暴露條件下蔬菜重金屬含量部分超標(biāo),其中Pb和Hg超標(biāo)率為100%。室外大氣暴露環(huán)境下水培種植的蔬菜可食部分的重金屬含量普遍高于室內(nèi)模擬,表明大氣沉降中的重金屬對(duì)蔬菜具有顯著的影響。水培蔬菜的根部六種重金屬含量均比較低,屬于安全范圍。蔬菜可食部分的Cu、Zn、Pb和As與根部對(duì)應(yīng)的重金屬呈現(xiàn)出明顯的相關(guān)性。(3)在干、濕沉降條件下,四種蔬菜葉片對(duì)根部重金屬富集系數(shù)從大到小排序相同,依次為空心菜、油麥菜、青菜和白菜。干沉降對(duì)大部分蔬菜的可食部分和根部中的Cu、Cd和As污染效應(yīng)更大;而Zn、Pb和Hg則相反�？傮w上,干、濕沉降對(duì)于六種重金屬的干、濕沉降條件下蔬菜重金屬濃度與空白組濃度的比值從到大小排列為AsHgPbCuCdZn。干、濕沉降對(duì)蔬菜體內(nèi)六種元素的貢獻(xiàn)系數(shù)從大到小排序依次為:HgAsCdPbCuZn。(4)蔬菜重金屬污染評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,室外四種蔬菜中各重金屬的單項(xiàng)污染指數(shù)按照從大到小的順序排列依次為HgPbZnCdCuAs。室外四種蔬菜綜合污染水平從高到低排序?yàn)?油麥菜、青菜、空心菜和白菜。大氣沉降對(duì)于蔬菜體內(nèi)重金屬有顯著的污染效應(yīng)。干、濕沉降實(shí)驗(yàn)中四種蔬菜中重金屬的單項(xiàng)污染指數(shù)按照從大到小的順序排列依次為HgPbCdZnAsCu。四種蔬菜總體上綜合污染指數(shù)從高到低排序?yàn)?油麥菜、青菜、空心菜和白菜。(5)蔬菜攝入健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,室外四種蔬菜的綜合健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)值TTHQ值從大到小依次為:青菜、空心菜、油麥菜和白菜。干、濕沉降后四種蔬菜中不同重金屬單因子健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)值THQ排序?yàn)?AsHgCdPbZnCu。從不同的受眾群體來(lái)看,食用蔬菜對(duì)成人和兒童均產(chǎn)生一定威脅,兒童攝入蔬菜重金屬健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)普遍大于成人。總的來(lái)看,干、濕沉降后四種蔬菜的TTHQ值從大到小依次為:油麥菜、青菜、空心菜和白菜。(6)研究區(qū)大氣顆粒物PM2.5中重金屬單純通過(guò)呼吸進(jìn)入人體,對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生的健康危險(xiǎn)較小,而通過(guò)蔬菜累積大氣干、濕沉降中的重金屬后,由于Hg和As產(chǎn)生的健康威脅較大,導(dǎo)致蔬菜的攝入健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)較高,均對(duì)人體健康產(chǎn)生一定威脅。
[Abstract]:Vegetables contain a variety of essential vitamins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber and minerals, which occupy an important proportion in people's diet. In recent years, heavy metals in food have occurred frequently. The food safety problems caused by heavy metal content have attracted wide social attention. In February 2017, the State Council The national food safety plan of "13th Five-Year" was issued, emphasizing the strengthening of heavy metal pollution control and the strict implementation of the whole chain supervision from farmland to table. Heavy metals, as a kind of inorganic pollutants, have the characteristics of high rich collection and low migration, which seriously threaten the safety of natural ecological environment and human health. The growth ring of vegetables is a serious threat to the growth of vegetables. Heavy metal pollution in soil, water and atmosphere will prevent the normal growth and development of vegetables, and heavy metals in the environment will accumulate in the vegetable body. The food chain enters the human body and threatens the health of the human body. The vegetable production base in the suburb of Shanghai and the scattered farmland supply a large number of vegetables for the people of Shanghai, because of atmospheric sedimentation and sewage irrigation, These vegetables are faced with serious heavy metal pollution risk and potential safety hazard. This study selected six heavy metal elements as Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg and As as the main research indicators, combining the atmospheric particulates sampling and vegetable soil free cultivation simulation experiments in Shanghai. The effects of atmospheric sedimentation on heavy metals in vegetables were analyzed. The contribution rate of heavy metals to vegetable roots and edible parts was systematically studied through indoor dry and wet sedimentation simulation experiments. The migration and transformation of heavy metals in vegetables were revealed after the heavy metal was absorbed by vegetable leaves. The level of atmospheric particles in the region was analyzed. The level of heavy metal pollution in the atmospheric particulate matter PM2.5, the pollution level of vegetable roots and edible parts added to different concentrations of heavy metals in the leaves, in order to explore the comprehensive effects of atmospheric sedimentation and heavy metal pollution on human health in the study area. In natural condition, the mechanism of vegetable leaf surface absorption of heavy metals in atmospheric sedimentation is studied. The following conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the average mass concentration of heavy metals in Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and As in Minhang District PM2.5 is 0.49,5.78,17.89188,0.0104 and 2.62 ng m~ (-3) respectively. The order of different heavy metals from large to small is the ZnPbCuAsCdHg. healthy wind in turn. The risk model calculated the annual excess risk of heavy metals entering the human body in Minhang District atmospheric PM2.5 from high to low in turn from high to low to AsCdPbZnCuHg. to the adult male, 1.15 and 1.5 times as much as adult female and children. (2) atmospheric exposure and indoor simulated vegetable experiments showed that four indoor species were in room. The contents of all the elements in the edible part of the vegetables were within the standard limit. The contents of four kinds of vegetables Zn, Cd, Cu and As were less than the national standard of heavy metal pollution. The indoor simulated vegetable growth environment was better, the content of heavy metals was low, while the heavy metal content of vegetables was exceeded under the outdoor atmosphere exposure, among which Pb and the contents of heavy metals were above the standard. The content of heavy metals in the edible part of vegetables cultivated in the outdoor atmosphere exposed to Hg was generally higher than that in the indoor simulation. It showed that heavy metals in the atmospheric sedimentation had significant influence on vegetables. The contents of six kinds of heavy metals in the root of hydroponic vegetables were all low, which belonged to the safe range. The Cu, Zn, Pb and As of the edible parts of vegetables were in the area. The heavy metals in the roots showed a significant correlation. (3) under dry and wet conditions, the concentration coefficient of heavy metals in the roots of four vegetable leaves was the same from large to small, and the effect of dry settlement on the Cu, Cd and As in most of the edible parts and roots of most vegetables was greater; and Zn, Pb and Hg. On the contrary, on the whole, the ratio of heavy metal concentration to the concentration of the blank group was AsHgPbCuCdZn. dry under wet sedimentation and the ratio of the concentration of heavy metals to the blank group was AsHgPbCuCdZn.. The order of the contribution coefficient of wet sedimentation to six elements in vegetables from large to small was in turn: HgAsCdPbCuZn. (4) evaluation of heavy metal pollution in vegetables The single pollution index of heavy metals in four kinds of outdoor vegetables was arranged in sequence from large to small. The overall pollution level of four kinds of vegetables was ordered from high to low in order of HgPbZnCdCuAs. outdoor vegetables, vegetables, cabbage, cabbage and cabbage. There were significant pollution effects on heavy metals in vegetables. In dry and wet sedimentation experiments, four kinds of vegetables were found. The single pollution index of heavy metals in the vegetables was arranged in sequence from large to small. The overall pollution index of four kinds of vegetables was ordered in order of HgPbCdZnAsCu. from high to low. (5) the health risk assessment of vegetable intake showed that the value of comprehensive health risk index value of four vegetables in outdoor was from large to TTHQ value. The following are: green vegetables, cabbage, oil and wheat and cabbage. Dry and wet settlement of four kinds of vegetables in four kinds of heavy metals single factor health risk index number of order: AsHgCdPbZnCu. from the different audience group, edible vegetables have a certain threat to both adults and children, and the health risk of heavy metal intake of vegetables is generally greater than that of adults. After wet settlement, the TTHQ value of four kinds of vegetables from large to small is in turn: oil and wheat, green vegetables, cabbage and cabbage. (6) the heavy metals in the atmospheric particulate matter of the study area are simply breathing into the human body by breathing, and the health risks of the human body are small, and the heavy metals in the atmosphere through the vegetables and the heavy metals in wet sedimentation are produced by Hg and As. The risk of vegetable intake is high, which is a threat to human health.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X51;X820.4

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 盧信;羅佳;嚴(yán)少華;范如芹;劉麗珠;張振華;;水葫蘆(Eichhornia crassipes)基質(zhì)中銅殘留對(duì)蔬菜生長(zhǎng)和食用安全的影響[J];生態(tài)與農(nóng)村環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2016年03期

2 郭愛珍;陳斌;程曼;向云;;我國(guó)蔬菜重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀及防控措施[J];山西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2016年04期

3 呂佳莉;李萌;解靜芳;邸志東;趙麗娟;劉瑞卿;;太原城區(qū)PM_(2.5)重金屬元素季節(jié)變化及形態(tài)分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2016年04期

4 郝麗峰;韓鵬遠(yuǎn);陳曙霞;李毅;趙曉梅;郭建新;趙占軍;;無(wú)土栽培基質(zhì)下小白菜不同品種的富硒效果[J];山西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2016年02期

5 張恒;周自強(qiáng);趙海燕;熊正琴;;青奧會(huì)前后南京PM_(2.5)重金屬污染水平與健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2016年01期

6 程珂;楊新萍;趙方杰;;大氣沉降及土壤揚(yáng)塵對(duì)天津城郊蔬菜重金屬含量的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2015年10期

7 張紅芳;王偉平;范鍇;;寶雞市區(qū)PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)中5種重金屬元素的大氣污染特征研究[J];寶雞文理學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2015年02期

8 劉鋼;史正濤;曾建軍;蘇旺德;楊帆;董安濤;;大氣降水中重金屬離子特征研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與管理;2014年11期

9 李麗娟;溫彥平;彭林;白慧玲;劉鳳嫻;史美鮮;;太原市采暖季PM_(2.5)中元素特征及重金屬健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2014年12期

10 董同喜;楊海雪;李花粉;喬玉輝;蘇德純;;華北農(nóng)田小麥-玉米輪作體系下土壤重金屬積累特征研究[J];農(nóng)業(yè)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2014年04期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 倪瑋怡;上海市郊土壤—蔬菜系統(tǒng)中重金屬來(lái)源及貢獻(xiàn)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2016年

2 劉超;上海市郊大氣濕沉降重金屬對(duì)土壤—葉菜系統(tǒng)的污染效應(yīng)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2016年

3 張煥煥;上海市郊大氣重金屬干沉降對(duì)土壤—葉菜系統(tǒng)的污染效應(yīng)[D];華東師范大學(xué);2015年

4 王曉慧;上海市蔬菜重金屬污染效應(yīng)研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2014年

5 陳培飛;校園PM_(2.5)中重金屬的污染特征及健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)[D];天津理工大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號(hào)：1931881