本文選題：閔行城區(qū) + 三廢污染��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：1956年,隨著中央政府對沿海工業(yè)發(fā)展的重視,上海市委、市政府提出了"充分利用,合理發(fā)展"的工業(yè)建設(shè)方針,改變了此前上海"控制發(fā)展,就地維持"的做法,為新上海工業(yè)建設(shè)帶來了轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)。然而,此時期上海市內(nèi)土地面積僅為636.18平方公里,人口卻達(dá)563.48萬,這也意味著工業(yè)用地緊張,人口密度非常大,難以適應(yīng)工業(yè)發(fā)展的需要。為了解決這一問題,經(jīng)過上海市與江蘇省、中央相關(guān)部委的反復(fù)協(xié)商,1958年國務(wù)院同意將江蘇省所轄上海市周邊十縣劃歸上海市管轄,閔行、吳涇地區(qū)所在的上�？h由此成為上海市的一部分。結(jié)合上海市第二次工業(yè)改組、"大躍進(jìn)"以及舊城改造,大量重化工業(yè)新建或遷建于閔行、吳涇工業(yè)區(qū)所組成的閔行城區(qū)。工廠的興建改變了地區(qū)的面貌,不足數(shù)年村、鎮(zhèn)迅速變?yōu)榱顺菂^(qū),但隨之而來的是諸多問題的出現(xiàn),工業(yè)"三廢"污染便是其中之一。面對工業(yè)污染,社員、工廠、政府有著不同的反應(yīng),他們從各自利益著眼進(jìn)行解決,致使真正的環(huán)境污染治理卻被淡化。在城區(qū),農(nóng)民對"三廢"污染問題最先作出反應(yīng)。他們將糧食減產(chǎn)、社員生病、魚蝦死亡等一系列具體現(xiàn)象與附近的工廠生產(chǎn)相聯(lián)系,但由于知識有限,并沒有認(rèn)識到這些現(xiàn)象即為污染。因此,社員們往往將解決措施具體化,要求工廠賠款、打井、拆遷,在爭取具體利益的過程中,采取了"鬧事"、夸大受損程度、寫人民來信等方式,且通過公社與工廠進(jìn)行協(xié)商。工廠一方面處理著與社員就"三廢"問題產(chǎn)生的分歧,另一方面又要保證各項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)計劃的完成。20世紀(jì)50年代末,中央政府要求工廠將廢氣廢水處理作為生產(chǎn)工藝的一部分。各企業(yè)在具體實(shí)行中,或限于經(jīng)費(fèi),或限于技術(shù),使得治污并沒有收到很好的效果。社員和工廠在解決受損問題時,有時意見并不一致。為此,縣委、區(qū)委、市屬機(jī)關(guān)等各級政府部門進(jìn)行實(shí)地調(diào)查,多方調(diào)解,基本以傾向社員利益的方式作結(jié)。然而,"三廢"污染問題并非閔行城區(qū)獨(dú)有,在全國眾多新興的重化工業(yè)區(qū)均不同程度出現(xiàn)。為此,中央政府采取了對"三廢"進(jìn)行綜合利用和回收的措施,爭取"變廢為寶";地方各級政府在執(zhí)行此一政策的過程中,又采取了不同的應(yīng)對方式。農(nóng)民、工廠、政府之間錯綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系,使得治污過程充滿了復(fù)雜性,這也造成真正需要解決的污染問題在各方"眼中"不夠重視。
[Abstract]:In 1956, with the importance attached by the central government to the development of coastal industries, the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government put forward the policy of "making full use of and reasonably developing" industrial construction, which changed the previous practice of "controlling development and maintaining local development" in Shanghai. For the new Shanghai industrial construction brought a turning point. However, the land area of Shanghai is only 636.18 square kilometers in this period, but the population is 5.6348 million. This also means that the industrial land is very tight, the population density is very large, and it is difficult to meet the needs of industrial development. In order to solve this problem, after repeated consultations between Shanghai and Jiangsu Province and relevant central ministries and commissions, in 1958 the State Council agreed to put the 10 counties around Shanghai under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province under the jurisdiction of Shanghai Municipality. Minhang, The city of Shanghai, where the wujing region is located, has thus become a part of Shanghai. Combined with the second industrial reorganization of Shanghai, the "Great Leap forward" and the transformation of the old city, a large number of heavy chemical industries have been built or moved to Minhang City, which is composed of Wujing Industrial Zone and Minhang City. The construction of the factory has changed the appearance of the area, less than a few years of villages, the town quickly into the urban area, but with the emergence of many problems, industrial "three wastes" pollution is one of them. In the face of industrial pollution, members, factories and governments have different reactions, they have their own interests to solve, resulting in real environmental pollution control has been desalinated. In urban areas, farmers are the first to respond to the pollution problem of the three wastes. They linked a series of specific phenomena, such as reduced grain production, sick members, and death of fish and shrimp, to the production of nearby factories, but because of limited knowledge, they did not realize that these phenomena were pollution. As a result, members often make specific measures to solve the problem by demanding compensation from factories, drilling wells and removing them. In the process of striving for specific interests, they have adopted such methods as "making trouble", exaggerating the degree of damage, and writing letters to the people. And through the commune to negotiate with the factory. On the one hand, the factory is dealing with the disagreement with its members on the issue of "three wastes"; on the other hand, it is necessary to ensure the completion of various production plans. In the late 1950s, the central government required the factory to treat waste gas wastewater as part of the production process. Enterprises in the specific implementation, or limited to funds, or limited to technology, so that pollution control has not received very good results. Members and factories sometimes disagree when dealing with damaged problems. To this end, the county party committee, district party committee, municipal organs and other government departments at all levels of field investigation, multi-mediation, basically in favor of the interests of members of the conclusion. However, the pollution problem of "three wastes" is not unique to Minhang city, and it appears in many new heavy chemical industrial districts in China. Therefore, the central government has taken the measures of comprehensive utilization and recovery of the "three wastes" to strive for "turning waste into treasure", and local governments at all levels have adopted different ways to deal with this policy in the process of carrying out this policy. The complex relationship among farmers, factories and governments makes the process of pollution control full of complexity, which also causes the real problem of pollution to be solved in the eyes of all parties.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X70

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