發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-21 17:12

  本文選題：低階碎煤 + 流化床兩段氣化　； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院過程工程研究所)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國對煤制工業(yè)燃?xì)庑枨罅烤薮?全年產(chǎn)量可達(dá)7560億m3。現(xiàn)階段,國內(nèi)煤制工業(yè)燃?xì)饧夹g(shù)主要以單段和兩段固定床煤氣發(fā)生爐為主,其技術(shù)局限性在于使用優(yōu)質(zhì)塊煤,對碎煤適應(yīng)性差,原料成本高;生產(chǎn)規(guī)模小,放大困難;燃?xì)庵薪褂秃扛?后期燃?xì)鈨艋幚黼A段易產(chǎn)生含酚廢水造成二次污染。氣流床氣化工藝由于操作條件較為苛刻,生產(chǎn)成本高,不適合工業(yè)燃?xì)馍a(chǎn)的應(yīng)用。以鼓泡流化床和循環(huán)流化床為代表的流化床氣化技術(shù)具有熱質(zhì)傳遞效果好、處理強(qiáng)度大、放大容易、適合處理小粒徑原料等特點(diǎn),但仍面臨著生成氣體中焦油含量高、氣體熱值較低、轉(zhuǎn)化率不高等挑戰(zhàn)。中國科學(xué)院過程工程研究所提出了流化床熱解耦合輸送床氣化的新型低焦油兩段氣化技術(shù),采用低階碎煤清潔生產(chǎn)工業(yè)燃?xì)�。流化床兩段氣化技術(shù)將煤炭氣化過程解耦為煤熱解和半焦氣化兩個(gè)子過程,并分別在流化床熱解器和輸送床氣化爐內(nèi)進(jìn)行。原料首先在流化床熱解器中發(fā)生干燥、熱解和部分氣化反應(yīng),生成的全部產(chǎn)物(熱解氣、半焦和焦油)進(jìn)入到氣化爐中,進(jìn)行半焦氣化,同時(shí)利用輸送床氣化爐內(nèi)的高溫有氧環(huán)境和半焦對焦油的催化重整作用脫除焦油,生產(chǎn)潔凈工業(yè)燃?xì)�。利用�?shí)驗(yàn)室流化床裝置和兩段氣化中試實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,本文對關(guān)鍵性反應(yīng)參數(shù)和工藝可行性進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究和驗(yàn)證。主要的研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果整理歸納如下:(1)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室射流預(yù)氧化流化床反應(yīng)裝置上研究了小龍?zhí)逗置旱臒峤庑袨?重點(diǎn)考察了反應(yīng)溫度、外部水蒸氣氣氛、物料含水量、含氧氣氛等對煤樣熱解行為的影響,分別對熱解產(chǎn)物分布、半焦氣化活性、氣體和焦油組成變化進(jìn)行了分析。惰性氣氛下隨著反應(yīng)溫度的提高,氣體收率逐漸增大,半焦和焦油的收率降低;半焦比表面積增大,氣化活性提高,但過高的反應(yīng)溫度,如在900℃下,會引起半焦的晶格結(jié)構(gòu)有序化程度增大,氣化活性反而降低。活性氣氛(氧、水蒸氣)下能夠進(jìn)一步提高氣體收率和半焦的氣化活性;外部水蒸汽條件能夠促使焦油輕質(zhì)化,同時(shí)降低焦油整體收率;煤中固有含水一定程度上能夠提高焦油中輕質(zhì)組分的含量,但也會引起揮發(fā)分析出不完全,進(jìn)而造成物料熱解程度降低,因此物料的含水量需控制在一定的范圍內(nèi);在同等水煤比條件下,外部通水蒸氣較物料內(nèi)部含水對氣體收率的提高程度更大。氧氣氣氛下焦油中重質(zhì)組分含量提高,焦油整體收率降低;綜合考慮基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,流化床兩段氣化工藝上段流化床熱解反應(yīng)器內(nèi)最佳的反應(yīng)條件為:反應(yīng)溫度800℃、外部通水蒸汽情況下水煤質(zhì)量為0.11、原料含水量水煤比小于0.11、過量空氣系數(shù)為0.14。(2)基于100kg/h的自熱式流化床兩段氣化中試實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺,在典型操作條件下開展了內(nèi)蒙勝利褐煤流化床兩段氣化實(shí)驗(yàn),運(yùn)行結(jié)果顯示,隨著熱解器和氣化爐操作溫度的提高,熱解氣和氣化氣的有效氣體組分提高,氣體中的焦油含量明顯降低。當(dāng)熱解器和氣化爐的溫度分別為840℃和1000℃時(shí),氣化爐出口處氣體的熱值達(dá)到1100kcal/Nm3,氣化氣中的焦油含量為365 mg/Nm3;熱解氣所含焦油組分中重質(zhì)組分較高,經(jīng)過氣化爐內(nèi)高溫裂解和半焦床層催化裂解作用后,產(chǎn)品氣中所含重質(zhì)組分和焦油總量減少,輕質(zhì)組分增多,有利于其進(jìn)一步脫除;中試實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果充分說明了流化床兩段氣化的工藝可行性和技術(shù)特點(diǎn),為工藝進(jìn)一步放大提供了良好的技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:In China, the demand for coal industrial gas is huge, the annual output can reach 756 billion m3. stage. Domestic coal industrial gas technology mainly consists of single section and two fixed bed gas generator. Its technical limitations lie in the use of high quality lump coal, poor adaptability to coal, high cost of raw materials, small production scale, difficult amplification and tar content in gas. It is easy to produce two times of pollution in the stage of gas purification treatment. The air entrained flow gasification process is not suitable for industrial gas production because of its harsh operating conditions and high production cost. The fluidized bed gasification technology, represented by bubbling fluidized bed and circulating fluidized bed, has good heat and mass transfer effect, large treatment strength and magnification. It is easy to deal with the characteristics of small particle size material, but it still faces the challenge of high tar content, low calorific value and low conversion rate in generating gas. The Institute of process engineering of China Academy of Sciences has proposed a new two stage gasification technology of low coke oil with fluidized bed pyrolysis coupled conveying bed gasification, and a clean production of industrial gas with low rank coal. The gasification process of two stages of fluidized bed gasification is used to decouple the coal gasification process into two sub processes of coal pyrolysis and semi coke gasification, which are carried out in a fluidized bed pyrogener and a conveyer bed gasifier respectively. The raw materials are first dried, pyrolysis and partial gasification in a fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor, and all the products (thermal, semi coke and tar) are formed into the gasifier. At the same time, the semi coke gasification is carried out, and the high temperature aerobic environment and the semi coke are used to remove the tar from the catalytic reforming of the tar in the conveyer bed gasifier, and the clean industrial gas is produced. Using the laboratory fluidized bed device and the two stage gasification pilot test platform, the key reaction parameters and technological feasibility are systematically studied and verified in this paper. The main research contents and results are summarized as follows: (1) the pyrolysis behavior of Xiaolong Tan lignite was studied on the fluidized bed reactor in the laboratory. The influence of reaction temperature, external vapor atmosphere, material moisture content, oxygen atmosphere on the pyrolysis behavior of coal samples was investigated, and the distribution of pyrolysis products and the gasification of semi coke were carried out respectively. The gas and tar composition changes are analyzed. With the increase of the reaction temperature, the gas yield increases with the increase of the reaction temperature, the yield of the semi coke and tar is reduced, the surface area of the semi coke ratio increases and the gasification activity increases, but the high reaction temperature, if at 900, will increase the degree of ordering of the lattice structure of the semi coke, and the gasification activity is reversed. While the active atmosphere (oxygen, water vapor) can further improve the gas yield and the gasification activity of the semi coke, the external steam conditions can promote the light quality of the tar and reduce the overall yield of tar, and the natural water content in the coal can increase the content of the light components in the tar, but it will also cause the incomplete volatilization analysis. The water content of the material should be controlled in a certain range. Under the same ratio of coal water to coal, the external water vapor has a greater increase in the gas yield than the water content inside the material. The heavy component content in the tar in the oxygen atmosphere and the overall yield of coke oil are reduced. The results of the basic experiment are considered synthetically. The best reaction conditions in the fluidized bed two stage gasification process fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor are as follows: the reaction temperature is 800, the water coal quality is 0.11, the water and coal ratio of raw materials are less than 0.11, the excess air coefficient is 0.14. (2) 100kg/h based autothermal fluidized bed two stage gasification pilot test platform, and the typical operating strip is in the typical operating strip. The two stage gasification experiment of Inner Mongolia Shengli lignite fluidized bed was carried out. The operation results showed that with the increase of the operating temperature of the pyrolysator and gasifier, the effective gas components of thermal Degas and gasification gas were improved and the tar content in the gas was obviously reduced. When the temperature of the pyrogenator and the gasifier was 840 and 1000 C, the gas at the outlet of the gasifier was at the outlet. The calorific value of the body is up to 1100kcal/Nm3, the tar content in the gasification gas is 365 mg/Nm3, the heavy component in the tar component of the thermal gas is higher. After the pyrolysis of the gasifier and the catalytic cracking of the semi coke bed, the heavy components and tar content in the gas are reduced and the light and mass components are increased, which is beneficial to the further removal of the gas. The results fully illustrate the feasibility and technical characteristics of two stage gasification in fluidized beds, providing good technical support for further enlargement of the process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國科學(xué)院過程工程研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ546

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