發(fā)布時間：2018-05-20 14:28

  本文選題：NDMA + 中水回用　； 參考：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市污水的合理再生利用對環(huán)境、經濟和社會均具有非常重要的意義,其可以有效地緩解水資源短缺,維護經濟發(fā)展、促進環(huán)境恢復與平衡。城市污水經過生物處理后會存在很多帶毒性的化學污染物、植物性營養(yǎng)物質和病原微生物,因此,城市污水排放前需要經過嚴格的消毒過程。這將不可避免的產生對生物有害的消毒副產物,其中二甲基亞硝胺(NDMA)便是毒性較強的一種亞硝胺類物質。NDMA以及其前驅物隨水體排放進入河流后很難自然降解,其于下游飲用水廠消毒中將會再次生成NDMA,從而影響飲用水安全。本論文分析對比了 MBR和AAO生物處理工藝出水中的有機物特性及NDMA生成特性,并研究了氯化鐵混凝、粉末活性炭吸附以及兩種工藝聯(lián)合使用對MBR、AAO出水中NDMA前驅物的去除作用。本論文還采用樹脂分離、分子量分級、三維熒光光譜分析、紅外光譜分析等技術對MBR、AAO出水及深化處理后的出水中的有機物組分進行表征,分析了 NDMA前驅物的特性以及各深度處理工藝對不同組分前驅物的作用效果。本文得出的主要結果如下:(1)污水的處理工藝不同導致了水樣中DOM的組成成分不同,MBR工藝出水優(yōu)于AAO出水,如MBR出水的濁度、DOC及UV254更低。MBR工藝出水中的有機物主要為多糖類、一級胺類和富里酸類物質,而AAO工藝出水中更多的是溶解性微生物產物、芳香性蛋白質類、多肽、氨基酸尤其為二級胺類物質。此外,MBR出水比AAO出水含有更多MW1 kDa和親水性組分。兩種水樣中DOM組分的差異導致各類消毒副產物生成勢的不同。MBR出水中常規(guī)的鹵代消毒副產物的生成活性強于AAO出水,比如MBR出水中TCM生成量為526μg/mg-C,是AAO出水的13倍。相反,AAO出水的NDMA生成活性高于MBR出水,是MBR出水的1.43倍。(2)在AAO出水中,MW30 kDa及親水性的有機物為NDMA的主要前驅物�；炷铰�(lián)用工藝表現(xiàn)出最高的NDMA生成勢去除率(57%),其次為單獨的吸附工藝(50%)和混凝工藝(28%)。單獨的混凝處理或吸附處理均更易去除MW30 kDa和HoA組分的前驅物。而混凝吸附工藝聯(lián)用時,對MW30 kDa組分的前驅物的去除效率顯著增加。因此,混凝吸附聯(lián)用工藝可得到最高的NDMA生成勢去除效率,去除率為57%。AAO出水中DOM的熒光強度均可被三種工藝有效降低,混凝去除更多的富里酸類物質,而吸附工藝可以去除更多溶解性微生物產物類和芳香性蛋白類物質。富里酸類物質的去除可以降低NDMA生成勢,同時其比例的升高也伴隨單位有機碳NDMA生成勢的升高,說明富里酸類物質與氯消毒劑反應時有較高的NDMA生成活性。(3)在MBR出水中,NDMA的主要前驅物為MW1 kDa及親水性的有機物。混凝工藝對MW100kDa的前驅物去除效果最佳,而吸附工藝更容易去除1-10 kDa組分的NDMA前驅物。兩工藝對疏水酸性組分的NDMA前驅物的去除效果均比其他組分高�；炷兹コ焕锼犷愇镔|,而吸附更易去除溶解性微生物產物、芳香性蛋白類、多肽、氨基酸等物質�；炷臀綄λ薪M分的DOM均有去除效果,這必然導致NDMA生成勢下降。但混凝或吸附工藝對NDMA前驅物的去除程度低于其他有機物,這使得NDMA前驅物在DOM中占得比例增大。因此,氯與剩余的DOM反應將會有更高的NDMA生成率,使得單位有機碳NDMA生成勢升高。
[Abstract]:The rational recycling of urban sewage is of great significance to the environment, economy and society. It can effectively alleviate the shortage of water resources, maintain economic development, and promote environmental recovery and balance. After biological treatment, there will be many toxic chemical contaminants, plant nutrients and pathogenic microorganisms after biological treatment. A strict disinfection process is required before urban sewage discharge. This will inevitably produce biological harmful disinfection by-products, in which two methylnitrosamine (NDMA) is a highly toxic nitrosamine substance.NDMA and its precursor is difficult to be degraded naturally after the water is discharged into the river, and it will be sterilized in a downstream drinking water plant. NDMA will be generated again, thereby affecting the safety of drinking water. In this paper, the characteristics of organic matter and NDMA formation in the effluent from the biological treatment process of MBR and AAO are compared and compared, and the removal effect of ferric chloride coagulation, powdered activated carbon adsorption and the combined use of two processes for the removal of NDMA precursors in MBR and AAO effluent. This paper also uses resin. Separation, molecular weight classification, three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the organic components in the effluent from MBR, AAO and deepened effluent. The characteristics of NDMA precursors and the effect of various depth treatment processes on the precursors of different components were analyzed. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) sewage Different processing technology leads to different components of DOM in water samples. MBR process effluent is superior to AAO effluent, such as turbidity of MBR effluent, and organic substances in DOC and UV254 lower.MBR process effluent are mainly polysaccharide, first-order amines and rich acids, while AAO process water is more dissolved microorganism products, aromatic proteins, and more. Peptides, amino acids are especially two grade amines. In addition, MBR effluent has more MW1 kDa and hydrophilic components than AAO effluent. The difference of DOM components in the two water samples leads to the formation of conventional Halogenated Disinfection By-products in the different.MBR effluent of various kinds of disinfection by-products, which is stronger than the AAO effluent, for example, the TCM production of MBR in the effluent is 526 mu g/. Mg-C is 13 times the effluent of AAO. On the contrary, the NDMA generation activity of AAO effluent is higher than that of MBR effluent, which is 1.43 times higher than that of the effluent from MBR. (2) in AAO water, MW30 kDa and hydrophilic organic matter are the main precursor of NDMA. The highest NDMA generating potential removal rate (57%), followed by a separate adsorption process (50%) and coagulation process (2) 8%) the precursors of MW30 kDa and HoA components are more easily removed by separate coagulation treatment or adsorption treatment. The removal efficiency of the precursors of MW30 kDa components increases significantly when the coagulation adsorption process is combined. Therefore, the highest removal efficiency of NDMA generating potential can be obtained by coagulation adsorption process, and the removal rate is the fluorescence intensity of DOM in the effluent of 57%.AAO. It can be effectively reduced by three processes. Coagulation can remove more fulvic acids, and the adsorption process can remove more soluble microorganism products and aromatic proteins. The removal of rich acid can reduce the NDMA formation potential, and the increase of the ratio is also associated with the increase of the unit organic carbon NDMA formation potential. Acid substances have higher NDMA activity when they react with chlorine disinfectants. (3) in MBR water, the main precursor of NDMA is MW1 kDa and hydrophilic organic matter. The coagulation process is the best for MW100kDa precursor removal, while the adsorption process is easier to remove the NDMA precursor of the 1-10 kDa component. Two process for the NDMA precursor of the hydrophobic acid components. The removal efficiency of the substance is higher than that of the other components. Coagulation is easier to remove the rich acid, but the adsorption is easier to remove the dissolved microorganism products, aromatic proteins, peptides and amino acids. Coagulation and adsorption have the removal effect on all components of DOM, which inevitably leads to the decline of the NDMA potential. But the coagulation or adsorption process for NDMA precursors The degree of removal is lower than that of other organic compounds, which makes the NDMA precursor increase in the proportion of DOM. Therefore, the reaction of chlorine to the remaining DOM will have a higher NDMA generation rate, making the NDMA generating potential of the unit organic carbon up.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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