本文選題：戰(zhàn)略環(huán)評 + 政策環(huán)評��； 參考：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水作為生命之源、生產(chǎn)之要、生態(tài)之基,不僅是人類生存必不可缺的元素之一,也是制約生態(tài)環(huán)境保護和社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要因素。隨著城市化和工業(yè)化程度的不斷提高,人口不斷增加,社會經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展,不管是生活用水還是工業(yè)用水都需要大量的水資源,產(chǎn)生的廢水排入外環(huán)境,造成嚴重的水污染問題。幾十年來,中國政府采取了一系列的相關(guān)政策措施來力圖改善越來越嚴重的水污染狀況,水污染惡化的勢頭得到了一定的遏制。小清河流域是連接省會城市經(jīng)濟群與半島藍色經(jīng)濟區(qū)、黃河三角洲高效生態(tài)經(jīng)濟區(qū)的紐帶,對山東省社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展具有舉足輕重的作用。小清河流經(jīng)區(qū)域是山東省經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展程度較高的地區(qū),人口比較密集,城鎮(zhèn)化、工業(yè)化水平較高,作為沿途主要的納污河流,大量的生活污水和工業(yè)廢水排入小清河。在多年快速的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展后,小清河流域水污染問題日益嚴重,生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化,嚴重威脅沿岸的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會穩(wěn)定。多年來,山東省政府和沿途各市均出臺了相關(guān)政策對小清河進行治理,水質(zhì)有所改善,但目前仍是山東省水環(huán)境質(zhì)量最差的流域之一。本論文通過對小清河流域的水環(huán)境治理政策進行回顧分析,研究相關(guān)政策實施后流域水環(huán)境狀況改善情況,綜合評價水環(huán)境保護政策的環(huán)境效益,對于小清河流域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護修復(fù)、后續(xù)水環(huán)境保護政策的制定和實施有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。本文在對小清河流域各個時期實施的水環(huán)境保護政策進行了回顧性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,自小清河源頭至入�？谶x取睦里莊、還鄉(xiāng)店、大碼頭、辛豐莊、浮橋以及石村斷面為研究對象,分析各斷面主要污染物在1991年-2014年的水質(zhì)達標情況、污染物排放控制情況以及廢水處理率變化情況,并結(jié)合各時期所實施的水環(huán)境保護政策,評價其水環(huán)境效益和有效性。本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),1991年至2014年間,在流域水環(huán)境保護政策的實施下,小清河流域水環(huán)境質(zhì)量有了明顯的改善,各斷面主要污染物濃度有明顯的下降,2014年,除上游還鄉(xiāng)店、大碼頭及辛豐莊斷面氨氮濃度仍不能達標外,其余各斷面水質(zhì)均能夠達到相應(yīng)水質(zhì)標準;流域內(nèi)各市主要污染物排放量得到了有效控制,工業(yè)廢水達標排放率能夠達到100%,生活污水處理率達到90%以上,均達到較高水平;水環(huán)境保護政策的實施與水質(zhì)變化有較好的相關(guān)性,當治理政策實施力度加大時,流域各斷面水質(zhì)得到提升,而一旦政策實施出現(xiàn)不連續(xù),水質(zhì)會出現(xiàn)惡化。最后基于以上分析,分析了小清河流域水環(huán)境保護政策中存在的不足并提出了相應(yīng)的建議。
[Abstract]:As the source of life, production and ecological basis, water is not only one of the essential elements for human survival, but also an important factor restricting the protection of ecological environment and the development of social economy. With the increasing level of urbanization and industrialization, the increasing population and the rapid development of social economy, both domestic and industrial water need a large amount of water resources, resulting in waste water discharged into the external environment, Cause a serious water pollution problem. For decades, the Chinese government has taken a series of policy measures to improve the growing water pollution, and the deterioration of water pollution has been contained. Xiaoqing River Basin is the link between the provincial capital city economic group and the peninsula blue economic zone, and the high-efficiency ecological economic zone of the Yellow River Delta, which plays an important role in the social and economic development of Shandong Province. Xiaoqing River is a region with a high level of economic and social development in Shandong Province, with dense population, urbanization and high level of industrialization. As the main sewage river along the way, a large amount of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater are discharged into the Xiaoqing River. After years of rapid economic development, the problem of water pollution in Xiaoqing River Basin is becoming more and more serious, and the ecological environment is deteriorating, which seriously threatens the economic development and social stability along the coast. Over the years, Shandong provincial government and cities along the road have issued relevant policies to control the Xiaoqing River, and the water quality has been improved, but it is still one of the worst water quality basins in Shandong Province. Through the review and analysis of water environment control policy in Xiaoqing River Basin, this paper studies the improvement of water environment condition after the implementation of relevant policies, and comprehensively evaluates the environmental benefits of water environment protection policy. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for the ecological environment protection and restoration of Xiaoqing River basin and the formulation and implementation of subsequent water environment protection policies. Based on the retrospective analysis of the water environmental protection policies implemented in various periods of the Xiaoqing River Basin, from the source of the Xiaoqing River to the mouth of the sea, this paper selects Mullizhuang, Xiadian, Daddock, Xinfengzhuang, etc. The floating bridge and the Shicun section are taken as the research objects. The water quality of the main pollutants in each section from 1991 to 2014, the discharge control of pollutants and the change of wastewater treatment rate are analyzed, and the water environment protection policies implemented in each period are combined. Evaluate its water environment benefit and effectiveness. From 1991 to 2014, under the implementation of water environment protection policy, the water environment quality of Xiaoqing River basin has been improved obviously, and the concentration of main pollutants in each section has decreased obviously. In 2014, except upstream returning home shop, The ammonia nitrogen concentration of the big dock and Xinfengzhuang section is still not up to the standard, and the water quality of the other sections can reach the corresponding water quality standard, and the discharge of major pollutants in each city has been effectively controlled. The standard discharge rate of industrial wastewater can reach 100%, the treatment rate of domestic sewage reaches more than 90%, all of them reach a higher level. The implementation of water environment protection policy has a good correlation with the change of water quality. The water quality of each section of the basin is improved, but the water quality will deteriorate if the policy is implemented discontinuous. Finally, based on the above analysis, the shortcomings of water environment protection policy in Xiaoqing River Basin are analyzed and corresponding suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52

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本文編號：1885166