本文選題：沖蝕 + 水力噴射器　； 參考：《西安石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水平井水力噴射壓裂技術(shù)是低滲透油氣田增產(chǎn)的主要方法。相對(duì)于單級(jí)噴射工具,雙簇水力噴射器可以同時(shí)對(duì)兩個(gè)油氣層進(jìn)行噴射壓裂,可提高壓裂施工效率。但在其應(yīng)用過(guò)程中,高速攜砂流體會(huì)對(duì)雙簇水力噴射器上、下兩級(jí)噴槍造成不同程度的沖蝕損傷,導(dǎo)致噴射器整體損壞。基于雙簇水力噴射器在應(yīng)用過(guò)程中的沖蝕問(wèn)題,利用自制的噴射式?jīng)_蝕實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),完成噴射器本體材料35CrMo鋼的沖蝕實(shí)驗(yàn)。研究了攜砂壓裂液的噴射角度和噴射速度對(duì)材料失重量的影響。結(jié)果表明,35CrMo鋼的沖蝕失重量隨噴射角度的增大先增大后減小,至噴射角度為45度時(shí)達(dá)到峰值;沖蝕失重量隨噴射速度的增大而增大。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果擬合得到了適用于水力噴射壓裂工況的沖蝕計(jì)算模型。采用離散相多相流數(shù)值模擬方法,分析了雙簇水力噴射器初始結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)的液-固兩相流場(chǎng),并運(yùn)用實(shí)驗(yàn)得到的沖蝕模型計(jì)算噴射器內(nèi)壁面的沖蝕壁厚損失。發(fā)現(xiàn)流經(jīng)雙簇水力噴射器下級(jí)噴嘴的砂流量大于上級(jí)噴嘴;噴槍內(nèi)壁面的沖蝕壁厚損失較外壁面大一個(gè)量級(jí),下級(jí)噴槍內(nèi)壁面的沖蝕壁厚損失大于上級(jí)噴槍,最大壁厚損失發(fā)生在下級(jí)噴槍內(nèi)壁面。隨著入口排量的增大,流經(jīng)各段噴嘴的砂粒流量和噴槍內(nèi)壁面的沖蝕壁厚損失同時(shí)增大。為改善雙簇水力噴射器上、下兩級(jí)噴槍流量及沖蝕損失的差異性,通過(guò)改變上、下級(jí)噴槍噴嘴數(shù)量、噴嘴直徑和簇間距對(duì)雙簇水力噴射器的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化研究。通過(guò)相同工況下的數(shù)值模擬對(duì)比多種不同結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方案對(duì)流量和沖蝕的影響。結(jié)果表明,上級(jí)噴槍采用6個(gè)6mm直徑噴嘴與下級(jí)噴槍采用6個(gè)5mm噴嘴組合的方案時(shí),對(duì)初始組上、下級(jí)噴嘴砂流量和內(nèi)壁面沖蝕損失差異性的優(yōu)化效果最佳。而簇間距對(duì)流經(jīng)各段噴嘴的液體、砂粒質(zhì)量流量及內(nèi)壁面的沖蝕壁厚損失影響微弱。創(chuàng)新性的提出了噴射器前端增加擾流短接的優(yōu)化方案,并對(duì)擾流短接內(nèi)螺旋槽結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。通過(guò)合理組合噴嘴直徑以及加裝最優(yōu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的擾流短接,能夠明顯改善上、下級(jí)噴嘴砂流量及砂含量,避免雙簇水力噴射器上、下級(jí)噴嘴沖蝕壁厚損失的差異性。
[Abstract]:Hydraulic injection fracturing in horizontal wells is the main method for increasing production in low permeability oil and gas fields. Compared with single stage injection tools, double cluster hydraulic injectors can be used to spray fracturing two oil and gas layers at the same time, and the fracturing efficiency can be improved. However, in the process of application, the high speed sand carrying fluid will cause erosion damage to the next two stages of spray gun on the double cluster hydraulic ejector, resulting in the overall damage of the ejector. Based on the erosion problem of the double cluster hydraulic ejector in the application process, the erosion experiment of 35CrMo steel was completed by using the self-made jet erosion test bench. The influence of injection angle and velocity of sand carrying fracturing fluid on material weight loss was studied. The results show that the erosion weight of 35CrMo steel increases first and then decreases with the increase of jet angle, and reaches the peak value when the injection angle is 45 degrees, and the erosion weight increases with the increase of jet velocity. According to the experimental results, the erosion calculation model suitable for hydraulic jet fracturing was obtained. The liquid-solid two-phase flow field during the initial structure of a double-cluster hydraulic injector is analyzed by using the numerical simulation method of discrete phase multiphase flow. The erosion wall thickness loss on the inner wall of the ejector is calculated by using the experimental erosion model. It is found that the sand flow through the lower nozzle of the double cluster hydraulic ejector is larger than that of the upper nozzle, the loss of the erosion wall thickness of the inner surface of the spray gun is one order of magnitude greater than that of the outer wall, and the loss of the erosion wall thickness of the lower level spray gun is greater than that of the upper spray gun. The maximum wall thickness loss occurs on the inner wall of the lower spray gun. With the increase of inlet displacement, the flow rate of sand particles flowing through the nozzle and the erosion wall thickness loss of the inner wall of the spray gun increase simultaneously. In order to improve the difference of the flow rate and erosion loss between the upper and lower stages of the double cluster hydraulic injector, the structure of the double cluster hydraulic injector was optimized by changing the number of the lower jet nozzle, the diameter of the nozzle and the cluster spacing. The effects of different structural optimization schemes on flow rate and erosion are compared by numerical simulation under the same working conditions. The results show that when the upper gun adopts the combination of 6 6mm diameter nozzles and 6 lower 5mm nozzles, the optimal results are obtained for the difference of sand flow rate and erosion loss on the inner surface of the lower nozzles in the initial group. The effect of cluster spacing on the loss of liquid, sand mass flow and the erosion wall thickness of the inner wall surface is weak. An innovative scheme of adding scrambling short connections to the front end of the injector is proposed, and the structural parameters of the spiral groove in the scrambling short connection are optimized. By reasonably combining the nozzle diameter and adding the optimal structural parameters to the scrambling short connection, the sand flow rate and sand content of the lower nozzle can be obviously improved, and the difference of the erosion wall thickness loss of the lower nozzle on the double cluster hydraulic injector can be avoided.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TE934.2

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