本文選題：采空區(qū) + 微震監(jiān)測　； 參考：《長沙礦山研究院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國許多金屬非金屬礦山存在著大量未處理采空區(qū),致使圍巖受力環(huán)境復(fù)雜,礦山開采條件惡化。在爆破振動(dòng)等的持續(xù)影響下,極易誘發(fā)采空區(qū)變形、失穩(wěn)甚至破壞,給礦山生產(chǎn)和安全管理帶來嚴(yán)重影響。由于采空區(qū)垮塌已造成多起安全事故,已逐漸成為影響金屬非金屬礦山安全生產(chǎn)最主要的危害源之一。微震監(jiān)測技術(shù)可對采空區(qū)圍巖變形破壞模式和范圍在時(shí)間、空間上的變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行有效預(yù)測,已廣泛應(yīng)用于礦山動(dòng)力災(zāi)害的預(yù)警預(yù)報(bào),并在實(shí)踐中逐步發(fā)展。根據(jù)淺層采空區(qū)圍巖受力變形的特性,本文以淺層采空區(qū)為研究對象,依托課題組承擔(dān)的3項(xiàng)不同背景條件下淺層采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定性微震監(jiān)測研究課題,開展了以下幾個(gè)方面的研究工作:(1)微震監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)布置與定位精度優(yōu)化研究。基于三種不同背景條件下的監(jiān)測目標(biāo),分別制定了不同的監(jiān)測方案,通過預(yù)期精度反演,模擬了目標(biāo)區(qū)域定位誤差分布情況;采用人工放炮的方式進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化了定位參數(shù),確定了合適的速度模型,使系統(tǒng)達(dá)到了最優(yōu)的定位效果。(2)礦山周邊民采活動(dòng)監(jiān)測研究。以太鋼集團(tuán)公司袁家村鐵礦南部碾溝民采活動(dòng)微震監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目為背景,基于統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)原理,分析了有效監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的時(shí)間頻次、空間分布演化規(guī)律,確定了越界開采活動(dòng)位置,掌握了活動(dòng)規(guī)律,為礦山打擊民窿盜采活動(dòng)提供了有力證據(jù)。(3)近地表采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定性微震監(jiān)測預(yù)警研究。以福建省潘洛鐵礦近地表采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定性微震監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目為背景,對礦山生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)與微震活動(dòng)性之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了量化分析,總結(jié)了微震活動(dòng)模式、時(shí)空分布特征,指導(dǎo)礦山對微震活動(dòng)頻繁區(qū)域進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)防范與管理,確保了礦山安全高效生產(chǎn)。(4)地下轉(zhuǎn)露天開采采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定性微震監(jiān)測預(yù)警研究。以廣東省大寶山礦地下轉(zhuǎn)露天開采采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定性微震監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目為背景,提出了“能量指數(shù)與累積視體積之比(EIE)”、“施密特?cái)?shù)與累積視體積之比(sScE)”2個(gè)概念,并將其作為巖體穩(wěn)定性預(yù)測的指標(biāo),同時(shí)結(jié)合b值與事件數(shù),以此3組參數(shù)建立淺層采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定性微震監(jiān)測預(yù)報(bào)的一般模式,并在現(xiàn)場采空區(qū)大塌方中得到有效驗(yàn)證。(5)淺層采空區(qū)頂板冒落過程微震信息分形維數(shù)時(shí)間演化規(guī)律研究。采用大寶山礦采空區(qū)頂板冒落前后微震監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),以分形理論為基礎(chǔ),從時(shí)間、空間、能量三個(gè)角度分別計(jì)算了各自的分形維值,揭示了巖體發(fā)生失穩(wěn)破壞時(shí)微震信息分形維數(shù)隨時(shí)間演化規(guī)律,并給出采空區(qū)圍巖變形破壞不同階段微震參數(shù)的分形特性。
[Abstract]:There are a large number of untreated goaf in many metal nonmetallic mines in China, which leads to the complicated stress environment of surrounding rock and the deterioration of mining conditions. Under the continuous influence of blasting vibration, it is easy to induce goaf deformation, instability or even destruction, which has a serious impact on mine production and safety management. As the collapse of goaf has caused many safety accidents, it has gradually become one of the most important sources of harm to the safety production of metal nonmetallic mines. The microseismic monitoring technology can effectively predict the time and space variation of the deformation and failure mode and range of surrounding rock in goaf. It has been widely used in the early warning and prediction of mining dynamic disasters and has been developed step by step in practice. According to the mechanical deformation characteristics of surrounding rock in shallow goaf, this paper takes shallow goaf as the research object, and relies on the research subject of microseismic monitoring of stability of shallow goaf under three different background conditions undertaken by the research group. In this paper, the following research work is carried out: 1) the optimization of the arrangement and positioning accuracy of the microseismic monitoring system. Based on the monitoring targets under three different background conditions, different monitoring schemes are developed, and the location error distribution in the target area is simulated by inversion of the expected accuracy, and the positioning parameters are further optimized by manual firing. The suitable speed model is determined to make the system achieve the optimal positioning effect. 2) the monitoring study of mining activity around the mine. Based on the background of the monitoring project of civil mining activities in Nangou in the south of Yuanjiacun Iron Mine of Taigang Group Company, based on the principle of statistics, this paper analyzes the time frequency, spatial distribution and evolution law of effective monitoring data, and determines the location of mining activity across the boundary. The study of microseismic monitoring and early warning of the stability of near surface goaf is provided by mastering the law of movement and providing strong evidence for attacking the mining activities of people and pilfering mining in mines. Based on the monitoring project of stability of mined-out area near the surface of Panluo Iron Mine in Fujian Province, the relationship between mine production activity and microseismic activity is analyzed quantitatively, and the pattern of microseismic activity and the characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution are summarized. To guide mine to focus on the prevention and management of frequent microseismic activities, to ensure the safety and efficiency of mine production. 4) the underground conversion to open-pit mining stability of microseismic monitoring and early warning research. Based on the project of monitoring the stability of goaf stability in Dabaoshan Mine, Guangdong Province, two concepts are proposed: "ratio of energy index to cumulative apparent volume (EIEE)" and "ratio of Schmitt number to cumulative apparent volume (SSC)". Taking it as the index of rock mass stability prediction and combining b value with the number of events, the general model of monitoring and prediction of microseismic stability in shallow goaf is established by using three groups of parameters. The fractal dimension of microseismic information in shallow goaf is studied in this paper. The microseismic monitoring data before and after the roof caving in the goaf of Dabaoshan Mine are used. Based on fractal theory, the fractal dimension of the mined-out area is calculated from three angles of time, space and energy, respectively. The evolution law of fractal dimension of microseismic information with time is revealed when rock mass is unstable and failure, and the fractal characteristics of microseismic parameters in different stages of deformation and failure of surrounding rock in goaf are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙礦山研究院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD325.4

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