本文選題：硫化鋅納米管 + ZnS納米管/CdS空心球復合材料��； 參考：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人們發(fā)現(xiàn)大部分飲用水中含有多種毒素和致病微生物,它們主要來自未經(jīng)處理的工業(yè)廢水。因此,治理污水刻不容緩。在各種污染物中,有機染料是目前水污染的主要污染物。吸附技術憑借其靈活性及高效性成為一種很有前途的能有效去除有機染料的方法。作為吸附的核心技術,能夠用來去除水中有機染料的吸附劑有很多。但是,因為染料種類頗多,一種特定的吸附劑不可能去除所有類型的染料。因此,開發(fā)一種能夠既能夠簡易合成,又能對某些染料有高效去除效率和良好選擇性的吸附劑對實際應用具有重要意義。作為一種無毒、環(huán)保材料,ZnS納米材料在光催化降解有機染料方面用的比較多。可是用作有機染料吸附處理方面的并不多,僅有少數(shù)報道提到用硫化鋅基活性炭、過渡金屬摻雜的硫化鋅基活性炭、硫化鋅基納米纖維等作為有機染料吸附劑。然而,并沒有有人研究硫化鋅納米管在這方面的運用。眾所周知,空心納米管通常有很大的比表面積,這可能為染料分子的吸附提供更多的活性位點。因此,預測硫化鋅納米管會是一種很好的吸附劑。但是,硫化鋅納米管的制備過程大多數(shù)需要經(jīng)過添加表面活性劑、高溫、高壓等特殊過程,這可能是導致硫化鋅納米管在吸附處理有機染料方面應用很少的主要原因。因此,研發(fā)一種合成方法簡單、吸附效率高且具有良好選擇性的硫化鋅納米管吸附劑對實際應用具有重要意義�；谝陨涎芯勘尘�,我們以硫化鋅納米管為研究對象,在其制備方法及吸附性能等方面進行了深入探索。本論文主要研究內(nèi)容如下:第二章,創(chuàng)新性地提出了一種簡單有效的合成硫化鋅納米管的方法:在室溫下只使用三種原料(Zn(CH3COO)2,NaHC03和Na2S),通過兩步合成路線成功合成硫化鋅納米管。整個合成路線經(jīng)濟環(huán)保,不需要任何煅燒步驟,沒有添加任何的表面活性劑,更沒有額外的模板輔助。這一產(chǎn)品主要用于廢水中有機染料的吸附處理。吸附實驗表明,其對帶NH2/NH-官能團的陰離子染料顯示出高效的選擇性,以CR為例,其最大吸附量可高達724.6 mg g-1,高于許多文獻中報道的復合材料對CR的吸附。這主要是由于硫化鋅納米管表面的硫缺陷吸附了很多水分子,使得納米管與染料分子的NH2/NH-官能團之間存在氫鍵和靜電吸附的協(xié)同效應。因此,本項研究提供了一種很有前景的水處理或從染料混合物中選擇性分離帶-NH2/-NH-基團陰離子染料的吸附劑。也為后續(xù)設計一種通過調(diào)控表面缺陷達到對某些有機染料選擇性吸附的硫化鋅納米結(jié)構(gòu)提供重要的線索。第三章,提出了一種室溫合成ZnS納米管/CdS空心球納米復合材料的新方法。只使用四種低成本的原材料(Zn(CH3COO)2、Na2CO3、Cd(CH3COO)2和Na2S)。首先,通過兩步直接沉淀過程,便成功合成了棒/CdCO3復合物前驅(qū),然后通過簡單的離子交換反應一步合成出目標產(chǎn)物ZnS納米管/CdS空心球復合材料。整個實驗過程都是在常溫下進行的,對合成設備要求很低。我們將這一復合材料用做有機染料吸附劑。吸附實驗表明,ZnS/CdS復合材料對帶NH2/NH-的陰離子染料的選擇吸附性遠遠高于ZnS納米管。此外,ZnS/CdS復合材料對CR的最大吸附量可高達950 mg g-1。因此,本工作開創(chuàng)了一種常溫直接沉淀法合成空心復合材料的新思路,對今后合成其它復合材料將會有很大的參考價值,同時也表明了空心復合材料在吸附處理有機染料方面的巨大潛力。
[Abstract]:It is found that most of the drinking water contains a variety of toxins and pathogenic microbes, which mainly come from untreated industrial wastewater. Therefore, it is urgent to treat sewage. In all kinds of pollutants, organic dyes are the main pollutants of water pollution. Adsorption technology has become a promising and effective method for its flexibility and efficiency. The method of removing organic dyes. As the core technology of adsorption, there are many adsorbents that can be used to remove organic dyes in water. However, because of the variety of dyes, a particular type of adsorbent can not remove all types of dyes. Therefore, the development of a kind of dyes can be both simple and efficient for the removal of some dyes and the efficiency of the dye removal. Good selective adsorbents are of great significance for practical applications. As a non-toxic, environmentally friendly material, ZnS nanomaterials are used in the photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. But it is not much used as organic dye adsorption treatment. Only a few reports refer to zinc sulfide based activated carbon and transition metal doped ZnS base. Active carbon, zinc sulfide nanofibers, etc. are used as adsorbents for organic dyes. However, no one has studied the application of zinc sulfide nanotubes in this field. It is known that hollow nanotubes usually have a large specific surface area, which may provide more active sites for the adsorption of dye molecules. Therefore, it is very important to predict zinc sulfide nanotubes (ZnS nanotubes). Good adsorbents. However, most of the preparation process of zinc sulfide nanotubes requires special processes such as adding surfactants, high temperature and high pressure. This may be the main cause of the application of zinc sulfide nanotubes in the adsorption treatment of organic dyes. Therefore, the research and development of a synthetic method is simple, high adsorption efficiency and good choice. Zinc sulfide nanotube adsorbents are of great significance for practical applications. Based on the above research background, we have explored the preparation methods and adsorption properties of zinc sulfide nanotubes as the research object. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the second chapter, a simple and effective synthetic vulcanization is proposed. Zinc nanotube method: using only three kinds of raw materials (Zn (CH3COO) 2, NaHC03 and Na2S) at room temperature, zinc sulfide nanotubes are successfully synthesized through a two step synthesis route. The whole synthesis route is economical and environmental, no calcining steps are needed, no surfactants are added and no additional template assists are added. This product is mainly used in wastewater. Adsorption experiments of organic dyes. Adsorption experiments show that they show high selectivity for anionic dyes with NH2/NH- functional groups. The maximum adsorption capacity of CR is as high as 724.6 mg g-1, which is higher than that of CR, which is reported in many literature. This is mainly due to the sorption of a lot of water on the surface of the zinc sulfide nanotube. Molecular, the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic adsorption between the NH2/NH- functional groups of the nanotube and the dye molecules. Therefore, this study provides a promising water treatment or selective separation of the adsorbents with the -NH2/-NH- group anion dye from the dye mixture. To provide important clues to the zinc sulfide nanostructures that selectively adsorb some organic dyes. Third, a new method of synthesizing ZnS nanotube /CdS hollow sphere nanocomposites at room temperature is proposed. Only four kinds of low cost raw materials (Zn (CH3COO) 2, Na2CO3, Cd (CH3COO) 2 and Na2S) are used. First, through the two step direct precipitation process, The work was made to synthesize the precursor of the rod /CdCO3 complex. Then the target product ZnS nanotube /CdS hollow sphere composite was synthesized by a simple ion exchange reaction. The whole experiment process was carried out at normal temperature and low requirement for the synthetic equipment. We used this composite as an adsorbent for the organic dye. The adsorption experiment showed that the ZnS/CdS compound was recovered. The selective adsorption of anionic dyes with NH2/NH- is much higher than that of ZnS nanotubes. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity of ZnS/CdS composites to CR can be as high as 950 mg g-1.. Therefore, this work creates a new idea for the synthesis of hollow composite materials by direct precipitation method at normal temperature, which will have a great reference for the future synthesis of other composite materials. The value also indicates the great potential of hollow composites in the adsorption and treatment of organic dyes.

【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ424

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