本文選題：可發(fā)性聚苯乙烯 + 酚醛樹脂��； 參考：《中北大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：聚苯乙烯泡沫保溫材料具有硬質的特征和閉孔結構,導致其有較低的導熱系數(shù)與吸水率,且質輕,成本低,穩(wěn)定性好,施工技術已很成熟,被作為結構材料廣泛用于外墻保溫體系中。但傳統(tǒng)聚苯乙烯泡沫板遇火熔融收縮,低落物具有二次引燃性,氧指數(shù)只有18%,其在建筑中使用時存在的安全隱患已引起重視,因此以高防火等級聚苯乙烯泡沫板的研發(fā)使用已成必然。本文研究了一種新型環(huán)保型、高防火性能的阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫(EPS)保溫板的制備工藝方法,解決了懸浮聚合階段添加阻燃劑受限的問題及傳統(tǒng)包覆阻燃聚苯乙烯泡沫保溫板珠粒間結合力差,防火性能低,燃燒釋放有害氣體的問題,并深入探究了其阻燃機理。實驗中利用了無鹵環(huán)保阻燃劑可膨脹石墨(EG)與聚磷酸銨(APP)的協(xié)同作用,采用酚醛樹脂作膠黏劑,并特制無機固化劑,用“濕法模壓”的新型包覆工藝方法,有效利用了酚醛樹脂高溫固化交聯(lián)作用,使材料的阻燃性能和粘結性能都大幅提升。本實驗中使用實驗室自制的預發(fā)泡容器、混料設備及模壓成型模具及設備,模擬工廠包覆模壓成型流程,并對整個工藝進行優(yōu)化改進,通過多次試驗確定出最優(yōu)的成型工藝方法及工藝條件,并對材料進行力學性能、氧指數(shù)(LOI)、熱重分析(TG)、紅外光譜(FTIR)、掃描電鏡(SEM)、錐形量熱儀(CONE)分析,探究其阻燃機理。(1)實驗表明,聚苯乙烯(EPS)、酚醛樹脂(PF)與固化劑的最佳質量配比為100:90:20。用酚醛樹脂包覆法制得的EPS保溫板能有效提高材料的防火阻燃性能,使EPS的氧指數(shù)由18.0%提高到27.9%,壓縮強度提高了326%,拉伸性能提高了25%,顯著改善了EPS材料受熱熔融、燃燒熔滴的不良性能。(2)用無鹵阻燃劑可膨脹石墨(EG)對聚苯乙烯泡沫保溫板進行阻燃,能使保溫板的阻燃性能進一步提高,當EPS顆粒/酚醛樹脂/固化劑/EG(質量比)為100/90/20/4時,EG/EPF材料的力學性能最好,氧指數(shù)達到了29.4%。由FTIR實驗可知,EG與PF之間沒有發(fā)生化學反應,它們共同覆蓋在EPS顆粒表面,酚醛樹脂通過交聯(lián)固化隔絕了氧與熱進入基體,EG受熱形成膨脹炭層,亦起到隔氧和隔熱的作用,它們共同保護著基體材料,使材料燃燒后仍保留完整的細胞結構,有效的提高了材料的阻燃性能。由熱重分析(TG)實驗可知,EG與PF均能提高材料的熱穩(wěn)定性,EG在一定程度上能提高材料的殘?zhí)柯省?3)當EG加入量為4份,APP加入量為8份時,用EG/APP復配阻燃劑制成的EPF/EG/APP復合材料其力學性能更好:拉伸強度和壓縮強度最大分別為0.310 MPa和0.109 MPa;阻燃性能更好,LOI值達到了33.0%;熱穩(wěn)定性更佳,生成的炭層更加堅實,殘?zhí)柯矢?且能夠有效的減少熱釋放速率,減少CO的釋放量。
[Abstract]:Polystyrene foam insulation material has hard characteristics and closed pore structure, which leads to low thermal conductivity and water absorption, light weight, low cost, good stability, and the construction technology is very mature. It is widely used as structural material in exterior wall insulation system. However, the traditional polystyrene foam board was melted and contracted by fire, and the dejection had secondary ignition, and the oxygen index was only 18. The hidden danger of safety existed in the building has been paid more attention to. Therefore, the development and use of high fire-proof polystyrene foam board has become inevitable. In this paper, a new type of environmentally friendly and high fire resistant flame retardant polystyrene foam (EPS) thermal insulation board was prepared. The problem of limiting the addition of flame retardant in suspension polymerization stage and the problem of poor adhesion between beads, low fire resistance and harmful gas emission of traditional coated polystyrene foam insulation board were solved, and the mechanism of flame retardant was deeply explored. In the experiment, the synergistic effect of non-halogen environmental flame retardant expandable graphite (EGG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used, the phenolic resin was used as adhesive, the inorganic curing agent was specially made, and the new coating process of "wet moulding" was used. The high temperature curing crosslinking effect of phenolic resin was used effectively, and the flame retardancy and adhesive property of the material were greatly improved. In this experiment, the premade foam container, mixing equipment and mould and equipment made by the laboratory were used to simulate the molding process of the factory coating, and the whole process was optimized and improved. Through many experiments, the optimum forming process and process conditions were determined, and the mechanical properties, oxygen index (LOI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGN), FTIR, SEM, conical calorimeter (conical calorimeter) were determined, and the flame retarding mechanism was investigated. The optimum mass ratio of polystyrene (EPS), phenolic resin (PF) and curing agent is 100: 90: 20. The EPS thermal insulation board prepared by phenolic resin coating method can effectively improve the fire resistance and flame retardancy of the material. The oxygen index of EPS is increased from 18.0% to 27.9%, the compression strength is increased by 326%, the tensile property is improved by 25%, and the heat melting of EPS material is greatly improved. Flame retardation of polystyrene foam insulation board with non-halogen flame retardant expandable graphite (EGG) can further improve the flame retardancy of thermal insulation board. When the mass ratio of EPS particle / phenolic resin / curing agent is 100 / 90 / 20 / 4, the mechanical properties of EPF material are the best and the oxygen index is 429.90%. FTIR experiments showed that there was no chemical reaction between EG and PF, which were covered on the surface of EPS particles. Phenolic resin isolated oxygen and heat from entering the matrix EG by crosslinking and curing, and formed expanded carbon layer, which also acted as oxygen insulation and heat insulation. Together, they protect the matrix material and keep the intact cell structure after burning, and improve the flame retardancy of the material effectively. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that both EG and PF could improve the thermal stability of the material. To some extent, EG could improve the carbon residue rate of the material. (3) when the content of EG was 4 phr app, the content of EG was 8 phr. The mechanical properties of EPF/EG/APP composite made with EG/APP flame retardant are better: the maximum tensile strength and compression strength are 0.310 MPa and 0.109 MPA, respectively; the loi value of flame retardant is 33.0%; the thermal stability is better, the carbon layer is more solid, and the carbon residue rate is higher. And can effectively reduce the heat release rate, reduce the amount of CO release.
【學位授予單位】：中北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ328.4

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本文編號：1827508