本文選題：氣液混輸管路 + 氣液兩相流流型　； 參考：《長江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著石油工業(yè)的發(fā)展,以及不斷上漲的石油需求,石油進(jìn)口量的比例正在不斷增大。這一現(xiàn)象使得人們越發(fā)的看重運(yùn)輸成本,使得在經(jīng)濟(jì)性和安全性上都具有一定優(yōu)勢的長輸油氣管道得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。長輸管道的流型一般多為氣液兩相流,目前針對于氣液兩相流的研究多為水平兩相流或者是鉛直兩相流,而氣液混輸管路在實(shí)際敷設(shè)過程中,經(jīng)常會穿跨越一些障礙,這使得管道存在一定的傾角。由于氣液兩相流動的復(fù)雜性,導(dǎo)致直接套用水平兩相流模型或鉛直兩相流模型時(shí)往往誤差很大,其預(yù)測精度不高,現(xiàn)有的壓降計(jì)算模型不具有廣泛推廣使用的能力,因此需要對氣液兩相流進(jìn)行深入的研究。本文針對目前研究尚少的小角度大氣液比兩相流進(jìn)行分析,圍繞氣液兩相流的壓降展開了以下幾方面的研究:(1)對目前國內(nèi)外氣液兩相流流型以及壓降模型的研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了調(diào)研總結(jié),調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)在以往的研究中,傾斜管氣液兩相管流的流型研究相對較少,且大多數(shù)研究都采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)流型法;對目前常用壓降模型的局限性進(jìn)行總結(jié);對氣液兩相管流常用的三種處理方法以及壓降的四種基本模型進(jìn)行總結(jié);(2)設(shè)計(jì)并開展小角度大氣液比兩相流研究實(shí)驗(yàn)。在內(nèi)徑為DN60、長8m的有機(jī)玻璃管內(nèi)進(jìn)行,測量兩相流氣體流速、液體流速、平均壓力、管道壓降、持液率和溫度等基本參數(shù),并利用高速攝像系統(tǒng)拍攝下實(shí)驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)的流型,根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)繪制出實(shí)驗(yàn)流型圖,總結(jié)出管道傾角對流型的影響,對管道傾角為15°時(shí)的流型進(jìn)行簡單的流型劃分;研究氣液流速以及管道傾角對持液率和壓降的影響,得出了流型以及流型的轉(zhuǎn)變會對持液率和壓降有直接影響的結(jié)論。因此,計(jì)算氣液兩相流壓降時(shí)應(yīng)優(yōu)先采用基于流型的壓降模型;(3)基于實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對環(huán)狀流的形成機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析,并建立環(huán)狀流形成的機(jī)理模型,給出流型轉(zhuǎn)變界限方程。選擇了兩種持液率計(jì)算方法和基于流型的三種壓降計(jì)算方法對實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下的理論持液率和壓降進(jìn)行預(yù)測。通過誤差分析,選擇誤差最小的Beggs-Brill方法中的系數(shù)Ψ進(jìn)行了角度修正,修正后誤差明顯降低。從而得出了修正后的小角度大氣液比兩相流壓降計(jì)算公式。本文通過分析傾斜角度對壓降造成的影響,對壓降模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)選,然后選擇合適的壓降模型對其進(jìn)行修正,從而得出適用于實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的經(jīng)驗(yàn)計(jì)算公式,該公式能應(yīng)用于小角度大氣液比兩相流壓降的預(yù)測。
[Abstract]:With the development of oil industry and rising oil demand, the proportion of oil imports is increasing. This phenomenon makes people pay more attention to the transportation cost and makes the long oil and gas pipeline which has certain advantages in economy and security to be widely used. The flow pattern of long distance pipeline is usually gas-liquid two-phase flow. At present, most of the researches on gas-liquid two-phase flow are horizontal two-phase flow or vertical two-phase flow, and the gas-liquid mixing pipeline often crosses some obstacles in the course of practical laying. This results in a certain inclination of the pipe. Because of the complexity of gas-liquid two-phase flow, the error of the horizontal two-phase flow model or the vertical two-phase flow model is often very large, the prediction accuracy is not high, and the existing pressure drop calculation model does not have the ability to be widely used. Therefore, it is necessary to study the gas-liquid two-phase flow in depth. In this paper, the two-phase flow of small angle atmospheric liquid ratio, which has not been studied at present, is analyzed. This paper studies the pressure drop of gas-liquid two-phase flow in the following aspects: (1) the current research progress of gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern and pressure drop model at home and abroad is summarized. There are few researches on the flow pattern of gas-liquid two-phase pipe flow in inclined tube, and most of the researches are based on empirical flow pattern method, and the limitation of the commonly used pressure drop model is summarized. Three common treatment methods of gas-liquid two-phase pipe flow and four basic models of pressure drop are summarized and designed and the research experiment of small-angle gas-liquid ratio two-phase flow is carried out. In an 8 m long plexiglass tube with DN60 inner diameter, the basic parameters such as gas flow velocity, liquid velocity, average pressure, pressure drop, liquid holdup and temperature were measured, and the flow patterns in the experiment were photographed using a high speed camera system. According to the experimental data, the experimental flow pattern diagram is drawn, and the influence of the pipe inclination angle on the convection pattern is summarized, and the simple flow pattern is divided when the pipe inclination angle is 15 擄, and the effects of the gas-liquid velocity and the pipe inclination angle on the liquid holdup and pressure drop are studied. It is concluded that the flow pattern and its change have a direct effect on the liquid holdup and pressure drop. Therefore, in calculating the pressure drop of gas-liquid two-phase flow, the pressure drop model based on the flow pattern should be adopted first. Based on the experiments, the formation mechanism of the annular flow should be analyzed, and the mechanism model of the formation of the annular flow should be established, and the boundary equation of the flow pattern transition should be given. Two calculation methods of liquid holdup and three pressure drop calculation methods based on flow pattern are selected to predict the theoretical liquid holdup and pressure drop under experimental conditions. Through error analysis, the coefficient 蠄 of the Beggs-Brill method with the smallest error is selected for angle correction, and the error is obviously reduced after the correction. A modified formula for calculating the pressure drop of the two phase flow at a small angle is obtained. In this paper, by analyzing the influence of tilt angle on pressure drop, the pressure drop model is optimized, and then the appropriate pressure drop model is selected to modify it, and the empirical calculation formula applicable to the experimental conditions is obtained. The formula can be used to predict the pressure drop of the two phase flow at a small angle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE832

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