本文選題：汽車內(nèi)飾 + 黃麻��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著空氣污染、能源耗竭等嚴(yán)峻問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn),人們逐漸意識(shí)到保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性。近年來(lái),汽車內(nèi)飾業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境友好材料和可再利用材料的開發(fā)成為了行業(yè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。汽車內(nèi)飾是汽車的重要組成之一,不僅在車內(nèi)起到裝飾作用,還涉及安全性、功能性等多個(gè)方面。本文以綠色設(shè)計(jì)理念為支持,將天然纖維與聚丙烯(PP)共混制備出了環(huán)境友好、性能優(yōu)良、滿足輕量化條件的汽車內(nèi)飾用天然纖維復(fù)合材料。論文首先對(duì)制備天然纖維復(fù)合材料的基體和增強(qiáng)體進(jìn)行了選擇。結(jié)合目前國(guó)內(nèi)汽車內(nèi)飾件的常用材料和綠色設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)思想,最終確定了以PP為基體,以天然黃麻纖維作為增強(qiáng)體進(jìn)行復(fù)合材料的制備。在制備復(fù)合材料的準(zhǔn)備過(guò)程中,分別采用堿處理和丁二酸酐對(duì)黃麻纖維進(jìn)行改性;之后,將未經(jīng)過(guò)前處理的黃麻纖維,堿處理后的黃麻纖維和丁二酸酐處理的黃麻纖維分別和基體共混,采用可連續(xù)大批量生產(chǎn)、可避免原料浪費(fèi)、可生產(chǎn)復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)的擠出-注射成型工藝進(jìn)行黃麻/PP復(fù)合材料的制備。論文著重研究了不同黃麻質(zhì)量比例、不同前處理方法對(duì)黃麻/PP復(fù)合材料性能的影響,并結(jié)合微觀形貌及相界面對(duì)材料性能的差異進(jìn)行分析討論。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:無(wú)論是拉伸性能還是彎曲性能,經(jīng)過(guò)化學(xué)前處理的復(fù)合材料均比未經(jīng)過(guò)前處理的復(fù)合材料性能更好。就拉伸性能而言,在所有試驗(yàn)組中,經(jīng)過(guò)丁二酸酐前處理的黃麻/PP復(fù)合材料在黃麻含量為15%的時(shí)候達(dá)到最佳,相對(duì)于基體材料PP的拉伸強(qiáng)度提高了27%,拉伸模量提高了59%。就彎曲性能而言,在所有試驗(yàn)組中,經(jīng)過(guò)丁二酸酐前處理的黃麻/PP復(fù)合材料在黃麻含量為10%的時(shí)候達(dá)到最佳,相對(duì)于基體材料PP的的彎曲強(qiáng)度提高了19%,彎曲模量提高了92%。在前處理方式不變的情況下,隨著黃麻含量的增加,所有復(fù)合材料試驗(yàn)組的吸水率都隨之增大;在黃麻質(zhì)量比例相同時(shí),經(jīng)丁二酸酐前處理的黃麻/PP復(fù)合材料的吸水率相對(duì)于其它兩組對(duì)照組顯著降低。論文進(jìn)一步以某轎車車門內(nèi)飾板為例,進(jìn)行仿真驗(yàn)證。在論文中建立車門內(nèi)飾板的有限元模型,將試驗(yàn)組性能最佳的材料參數(shù)帶入進(jìn)行仿真分析,并與車門內(nèi)飾板的設(shè)計(jì)要求進(jìn)行對(duì)比,驗(yàn)證了本文制備出的黃麻/PP復(fù)合材料在設(shè)計(jì)要求上是滿足條件的。最后使用GaBi軟件對(duì)黃麻/PP復(fù)合材料產(chǎn)品的生命周期進(jìn)行了量化評(píng)價(jià),得到了對(duì)環(huán)境因素的幾個(gè)重要影響指標(biāo)。最終得出了黃麻纖維/PP車門內(nèi)飾板在生命周期中相較于現(xiàn)有材料的車門內(nèi)飾板更加環(huán)境友好的結(jié)果。天然纖維復(fù)合材料在未來(lái)有可能在汽車內(nèi)飾件上普遍使用,并最終代替對(duì)環(huán)境影響較大的化學(xué)纖維復(fù)合材料,成為被大規(guī)模應(yīng)用的綠色環(huán)保新材料。本文所制備的黃麻/PP復(fù)合材料,不僅在材料力學(xué)性能上滿足汽車內(nèi)飾件的設(shè)計(jì)要求,并且是一種環(huán)境友好的材料,有利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of air pollution, energy depletion and other serious problems, people gradually realize the importance of environmental protection. In recent years, the development of environmental friendly materials and reusable materials in automobile interior decoration industry has become the focus of attention. Automobile interior decoration is one of the important components of automobile. It not only plays a decorative role in the car, but also involves many aspects, such as safety, functionality and so on. Based on the concept of green design, natural fiber composites for automotive interior decoration were prepared by blending natural fibers with PP. Firstly, the matrix and reinforcements of natural fiber composites were selected. Based on the common materials of domestic automobile interior accessories and the design idea of green design, the preparation of composites with PP as matrix and natural jute fibers as reinforcements was finally determined. The jute fibers were modified by alkali treatment and succinic anhydride respectively during the preparation of the composites. The jute fibers treated with alkali and jute fibers treated with succinic anhydride are blended with the matrix, which can be produced continuously and in large quantities, thus avoiding the waste of raw materials. Extrusion-injection molding with complex structure can be used to prepare jute / PP composites. The effects of different jute mass ratios and pretreatment methods on the properties of jute / PP composites were studied in this paper. The experimental results show that both tensile and bending properties of the composites treated by chemical pretreatment are better than those of the composites without pretreatment. In terms of tensile properties, the jute / PP composites pretreated with succinic anhydride reach the best value when the jute content is 15%, the tensile strength of PP is increased by 27% and the tensile modulus is increased by 5999% compared with the matrix PP. In terms of bending properties, the jute / PP composites treated with succinic anhydride reached the best value when the content of jute was 10%, the flexural strength of PP was increased by 19% and the flexural modulus was increased by 92%. With the increase of jute content, the water absorption rate of all composite test groups increased with the same pretreatment method, and when the jute mass ratio was the same, The water absorption of jute / PP composites treated with succinic anhydride was significantly lower than that of the other two groups. The paper further takes a car door interior decoration board as an example to carry on the simulation verification. In this paper, the finite element model of the door interior panel is established, and the best material parameters of the test group are brought into the simulation analysis, and compared with the design requirements of the door interior decoration board. It is verified that the jute / PP composite prepared in this paper meets the design requirements. Finally, the life cycle of jute / PP composites was quantitatively evaluated by using GaBi software, and several important indexes of environmental factors were obtained. Finally, it is concluded that jute fiber / PP door interior panel is more environmentally friendly than the existing door interior panel in the life cycle. Natural fiber composites are likely to be widely used in automotive interior accessories in the future and eventually replace chemical fiber composites which have a great impact on the environment and become a new green environmental protection material applied on a large scale. The jute / PP composite prepared in this paper not only meets the design requirements of automotive interior accessories in terms of material mechanical properties but also is an environmentally friendly material which is conducive to sustainable development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U463.839.2;TB332

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