發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-20 21:10

  本文選題：木糖企業(yè) + 危險(xiǎn)性分析��； 參考：《中北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：木糖作為重要的食品化工原料,生產(chǎn)過程中存在火災(zāi)、爆炸、腐蝕、墜落等安全隱患,開展玉米芯制木糖生產(chǎn)企業(yè)危險(xiǎn)性分析對(duì)維護(hù)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)安全、保證工人生命安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。在對(duì)木糖生產(chǎn)企業(yè)安全隱患分析基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建木糖企業(yè)安全評(píng)價(jià)模型,采用可拓層次分析法進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)估。從木糖生產(chǎn)工藝著手,將生產(chǎn)工藝模塊化,并對(duì)生產(chǎn)單元、生產(chǎn)物料、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備中存在的安全隱患進(jìn)行歸類,分析得到木糖企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)中存在的危險(xiǎn)有害因素,主要有火災(zāi)爆炸、起重傷害、酸堿腐蝕等。采用事故樹分析電葫蘆吊物墜落事故,得出導(dǎo)致事故發(fā)生的主要原因是作業(yè)前安全檢查不到位,工作中安全監(jiān)管沒落實(shí),工作人員未按照安全規(guī)程進(jìn)行操作,設(shè)備安全可靠性欠佳和作業(yè)環(huán)境條件惡劣等;采用HAZOP(危險(xiǎn)與可操作性分析)分析法對(duì)木糖水解工段進(jìn)行分析,得出造成木糖水解工段安全生產(chǎn)事故的原因主要有設(shè)備腐蝕和人員操作失誤,裝置、設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)缺陷,催化劑硫酸自身存在的危險(xiǎn)特性;采用TNT當(dāng)量法對(duì)提供能量的蒸汽鍋爐進(jìn)行安全性分析,計(jì)算出爆炸危害半徑,抽取出鍋爐主要危險(xiǎn)原因有鍋爐水位、安全閥、壓力表、等元件有效監(jiān)測(cè)不到位,員工的安全教育和安全意識(shí)不夠,鍋爐車間在廠區(qū)位置等。通過運(yùn)用三種安全評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)木糖生產(chǎn)過程中存在的重要危險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行合理分析,為應(yīng)用可拓學(xué)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)估,確定評(píng)估指標(biāo)找到依據(jù)。應(yīng)用可拓學(xué)對(duì)山西長(zhǎng)治新埔木糖有限公司的木糖生產(chǎn)過程的安全性進(jìn)行了分析評(píng)估,構(gòu)建了4個(gè)一級(jí)指標(biāo),18個(gè)二級(jí)指標(biāo),采用可拓層次分析法建立可拓矩陣,引進(jìn)可拓區(qū)間數(shù)概念,將判斷矩陣區(qū)間化,使評(píng)價(jià)更趨近實(shí)際情況,引入物元可拓理論來構(gòu)建待評(píng)價(jià)物元、節(jié)域物元和經(jīng)典域物元,用可拓關(guān)聯(lián)函數(shù),計(jì)算各指標(biāo)的可拓關(guān)聯(lián)度以及評(píng)估對(duì)象安全性偏向某一等級(jí)的程度,從而得到安全評(píng)估結(jié)論為安全A偏向于B。驗(yàn)證了木糖生產(chǎn)企業(yè)安全評(píng)價(jià)軟件實(shí)用性,運(yùn)用該系統(tǒng)可以對(duì)木糖生產(chǎn)企業(yè)開展安全評(píng)價(jià),簡(jiǎn)化了評(píng)價(jià)過程,軟件界面友好,操作簡(jiǎn)便,容易掌握。運(yùn)用該系統(tǒng)可以對(duì)木糖生產(chǎn)企業(yè)開展安全評(píng)價(jià),為木糖企業(yè)改善安全生產(chǎn)條件提供科學(xué)快捷途徑。
[Abstract]:Xylose, as an important raw material for food and chemical industry, has hidden dangers such as fire, explosion, corrosion and falling in the process of production. The risk analysis of corncob xylose production enterprises can maintain the production safety of enterprises. It is of practical significance to ensure the safety of workers' lives and social stability. Based on the analysis of the hidden dangers of xylose production enterprises, the safety evaluation model of xylose enterprises was constructed and the comprehensive evaluation was carried out by extension AHP. Starting from the xylose production process, the production process is modularized, and the hidden dangers in the production units, materials and equipment are classified, and the dangerous and harmful factors in the production of xylose enterprises are analyzed. There are mainly fire explosion, lifting injury, acid and alkali corrosion and so on. The accident tree is used to analyze the falling accident of electric hoist crane, and the main reason for the accident is that the safety inspection is not in place before the operation, the safety supervision is not carried out in the work, and the staff members do not operate according to the safety rules. The safety and reliability of the equipment is poor and the working environment is bad, the HAZOPanalysis method is used to analyze the xylose hydrolysis section, It is concluded that the main causes of the accidents in safety production of xylose hydrolysis section are equipment corrosion and personnel operation errors, equipment design defects, and dangerous characteristics of catalyst sulfuric acid itself. The TNT equivalent method is used to analyze the safety of the steam boiler which provides energy, and the radius of explosion hazard is calculated. The main dangerous reasons for the boiler are the boiler water level, safety valve, pressure gauge and so on. Staff safety education and safety awareness is not enough, boiler workshop in the plant location. By using three kinds of safety evaluation methods, the important hazards in xylose production are analyzed reasonably, which can be used for comprehensive evaluation of the application of extenics and finding out the basis for determining the evaluation index. The safety of xylose production process in Shanxi Changzhi Xinpu xylose Co., Ltd is analyzed and evaluated by extension theory. Four primary indexes and 18 secondary indexes are constructed, and extension matrix is established by extension hierarchy process. In this paper, the concept of extension interval number is introduced, the judgment matrix is intervaled, and the evaluation is closer to the actual situation. The matter-element extension theory is introduced to construct the matter-element, the nodal matter-element and the classical matter-element to be evaluated, and the extension correlation function is used. The extension correlation degree of each index and the degree of security bias of the evaluation object are calculated, and the result of safety assessment is that the safety A is biased to B. The practicability of the safety evaluation software for xylose production enterprises is verified. The system can be used to evaluate the safety of xylose production enterprises and simplify the evaluation process. The software is friendly in interface, easy to operate and easy to master. The system can be used to evaluate the safety of xylose production enterprises, and provide a scientific and quick way for xylose enterprises to improve safety production conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ353.8;TQ929

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本文編號(hào)：1779454