本文選題：碳酸鹽巖 + 聚丙烯酰胺　； 參考：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：膠凝酸是目前碳酸鹽巖酸化壓裂中使用最廣泛的改造工作液,其稠化劑聚丙烯酰胺在儲層巖石中的吸附和堵塞,將嚴(yán)重降低儲層滲透率。為提高酸化后裂縫的導(dǎo)流能力,弄清膠凝酸稠化劑對孔隙的堵塞傷害機(jī)理,有必要開展系統(tǒng)研究。本文以碳酸鹽巖主要成分—方解石作為滯留介質(zhì),研究聚丙烯酰胺在其中的的靜態(tài)吸附機(jī)理和動態(tài)滯留規(guī)律,以此對復(fù)雜礦物組成的巖石中的稠化劑滯留問題進(jìn)行了細(xì)致解構(gòu)。在所得認(rèn)識基礎(chǔ)上,測試研究結(jié)果對降低灰?guī)r巖心傷害的效果,證實(shí)了該研究思路和方法的科學(xué)性。采用紫外分光法研究聚丙烯酰胺濃度、液固比、方解石粒徑、溫度、背景離子的種類和濃度等對吸附量影響,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,吸附平衡的移動影響了體系吸附量的變化趨勢。使用傅立葉變換紅外光譜、Zeta電位測試等實(shí)驗(yàn)方法細(xì)致探究了聚丙烯酰胺-方解石吸附體系中可能的吸附作用力的強(qiáng)度,發(fā)現(xiàn)使用尿素處理可以使吸附量減少60%以上,從而證實(shí)稠化劑與方解石之間主要作用力為氫鍵作用。采用Langmuir單分子層吸附模型擬合實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),證實(shí)氫鍵吸附位點(diǎn)的存在和吸附界面聚丙烯酰胺的分子形態(tài)共同決定了該體系的吸附規(guī)律。為弄清聚丙烯酰胺在孔隙中的滯留機(jī)理,分析了滲透率傷害程度和滯留量隨驅(qū)替流量、返排流量、返排時間的變化規(guī)律,結(jié)果顯示聚丙烯酰胺在方解石中的堵塞存在一定的強(qiáng)度上限。以絮團(tuán)形態(tài)和方解石介質(zhì)孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)為基礎(chǔ)研究了聚丙烯酰胺堵塞行為。結(jié)合靜態(tài)吸附機(jī)理和絮團(tuán)堵塞條件對聚丙烯酰胺在方解石中的動態(tài)滯留現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析,劃分出滯留量和傷害率隨聚丙烯酰胺濃度變化的三個典型階段,并發(fā)現(xiàn)在巖石孔徑與稠化劑絮團(tuán)粒徑一定情況下,在滯留傷害的組成中,吸附居次要((?)20%)而堵塞居主要((?)50%)。使用壓汞法對比了未經(jīng)處理的巖心和受到滯留傷害的巖心的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),證實(shí)聚丙烯酰胺滯留將同樣造成巖中孔徑縮小和堵塞。在分析單礦物和巖心礦物滯留傷害聯(lián)系的基礎(chǔ)上,論證了尿素和氟碳表面活性劑對降低聚丙烯酰胺滯留傷害的可行性。進(jìn)而使用方解石灰?guī)r巖心進(jìn)行傷害降低實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)尿素可降低滯留傷害10%以上,加入氟碳表面活性劑傷害減少率較小但可以在短時間(約30min)內(nèi)取得明顯效果。
[Abstract]:Gelling acid is the most widely used modification fluid in acidizing fracturing of carbonate rock at present. The adsorption and plugging of polyacrylamide in reservoir rock will seriously reduce reservoir permeability.In order to improve the conductivity of the fracture after acidizing and clarify the mechanism of plugging and damage caused by the gelling acid thickener, it is necessary to carry out a systematic study.In this paper, the static adsorption mechanism and dynamic retention law of polyacrylamide in carbonate rock, which is the main component of carbonate rock, is studied, and the problem of thickener retention in rock with complex mineral composition is deconstructed in detail.On the basis of the knowledge obtained, the results of the test and research are effective in reducing the damage of limestone core, which proves the scientific nature of the research idea and method.The effects of polyacrylamide concentration, liquid-solid ratio, calcite particle size, temperature, type and concentration of background ions on the adsorption capacity were studied by UV spectrophotometry. The experimental results showed that the shift of adsorption equilibrium affected the change trend of adsorption capacity.The strength of possible adsorption force in polyacrylamide calcite adsorption system was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Zeta potential measurement. It was found that urea treatment could reduce the adsorption capacity by more than 60%.It is proved that the main force between thickener and calcite is hydrogen bond.The Langmuir monolayer adsorption model was used to fit the experimental data. It was proved that the existence of hydrogen bond adsorption sites and the molecular morphology of polyacrylamide at the adsorption interface jointly determined the adsorption law of the system.In order to understand the retention mechanism of polyacrylamide in pores, the change of permeability damage degree and retention amount with displacement flow rate, back discharge flow rate and reflux time were analyzed.The results show that there is a certain upper limit of the strength of polyacrylamide plugging in calcite.The plugging behavior of polyacrylamide was studied on the basis of floc morphology and pore structure of calcite medium.The dynamic retention of polyacrylamide in calcite was analyzed based on static adsorption mechanism and flocculation plugging condition. The three typical stages of the change of retention and damage rate with the concentration of polyacrylamide were divided.It is also found that in the case of rock pore size and thickener flocs size, in the composition of residual damage, adsorption occupies the secondary position, and the blockage occupies the main position of 50%.The pore structure of untreated core and damaged core is compared by mercury injection method. It is proved that polyacrylamide retention will also cause pore size reduction and blockage in rock.Based on the analysis of the relationship between single mineral and core mineral retention damage, the feasibility of urea and fluorocarbon surfactant in reducing the retention damage of polyacrylamide was demonstrated.The damage reduction experiment with calcite limestone core shows that urea can reduce the residual injury by more than 10%, and the damage reduction rate of fluorocarbon surfactant is small, but the obvious effect can be obtained in a short time (about 30 min).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE39

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