發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-11 18:30

  本文選題：PVC + 抑煙劑�。� 參考：《湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：聚氯乙烯(PVC)作為第二大通用材料,因其價(jià)格低廉、性能優(yōu)異,被廣泛運(yùn)用于電線電纜、建筑材料、裝飾板和穿墻管等多個(gè)方面。但是PVC在燃燒的過(guò)程中會(huì)分解釋放出大量黑煙以及很多種有毒、腐蝕性氣體,使得人在發(fā)生火情時(shí)窒息而死。因此PVC的阻燃抑煙性能的研究是目前亟待解決的問(wèn)題。本文通過(guò)采用熔融共混法制備PVC/鉬化合物/磷化合物三者復(fù)合材料,研究分析鉬化合物/磷化合物不同配比對(duì)PVC抑煙性能的影響,探討鉬系化合物和磷系化合物在PVC阻燃抑鹽方面是否有協(xié)同作用。以聚磷酸銨(APP)為阻燃劑,八鉬酸銨(AOM)為抑煙劑,結(jié)合拉伸、沖擊、煙密度、極限氧指數(shù)、微型量熱儀測(cè)試手段,研究其對(duì)PVC的燃燒特性的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:APP單獨(dú)使用對(duì)PVC沒(méi)有抑煙的功能;AOM單獨(dú)使用對(duì)PVC有抑煙的功能,加入AOM后,PVC的拉伸強(qiáng)度、斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率下降,但隨APP組分的增加,PVC的拉伸強(qiáng)度和斷裂伸長(zhǎng)率進(jìn)一步下降,沖擊性能比較明顯提高。結(jié)合微型量熱儀和煙密度儀綜合分析,4#樣中APP加入的量為6phr時(shí)的抑煙效果最好,其最大煙密度(MSD)為73.08,煙密度等級(jí)(SDR)為60.67,氧指數(shù)比純PVC樣品的提升了6.9。另外,微型量熱儀的測(cè)定燃燒釋放熱量及隨著APP組分的增加對(duì)PVC的分解過(guò)程的影響得出2#樣中AOM加入6phr、以及3#樣中APP加入4.5phr、AOM加入3phr時(shí)樣熱釋放速率較低,綜合兩組實(shí)驗(yàn)分析得出3#在兩個(gè)面具有優(yōu)異的性質(zhì)。由于傳統(tǒng)工藝工作效率低,而且傳統(tǒng)混料方式的粉塵大對(duì)操作人員以及設(shè)備有較大的影響。本文升級(jí)了加工工藝,提高了生產(chǎn)效率以及保證了產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定性。設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)供料裝置可以實(shí)時(shí)控制、精準(zhǔn)加料、節(jié)省人力,消除了傳統(tǒng)加工過(guò)程中的板材的色差、表面不良、性能不穩(wěn)定的缺陷。按照配方將物料加入自動(dòng)供料裝置后,經(jīng)物料與機(jī)械自摩擦使物料升溫至設(shè)定工藝溫度,然后經(jīng)冷混機(jī)將物料降至40~50 oC制成配方料,加入到擠出機(jī)中進(jìn)行塑化,經(jīng)T型模具成型為片胚后,采用三輥壓光機(jī)冷卻定型。在線監(jiān)測(cè)儀對(duì)產(chǎn)品表面進(jìn)行自動(dòng)連續(xù)檢查,不良品被挑出進(jìn)行破碎處理;合格的產(chǎn)品繼續(xù)向前輸出,在貼膜裝置位置進(jìn)行貼膜,可以單層或雙層貼保護(hù)膜,保護(hù)膜為聚乙烯材質(zhì),安全環(huán)保,和片材粘附力強(qiáng),用于保護(hù)產(chǎn)品表面;通過(guò)調(diào)整切刀的間距來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)產(chǎn)品的寬度,在生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)輥之間設(shè)置有切刀,能及時(shí)切邊,將切邊料直接粉碎回收到料斗中進(jìn)行二次使用,節(jié)約材料成本。再通過(guò)剪板機(jī)把連續(xù)的片材切割成設(shè)置長(zhǎng)度,并進(jìn)行性能檢測(cè)環(huán)節(jié)。設(shè)計(jì)PVC阻燃抑煙片材自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),通過(guò)一年多生產(chǎn),運(yùn)行平穩(wěn),生產(chǎn)硬質(zhì)PVC阻燃抑煙片材質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定,處于國(guó)內(nèi)領(lǐng)先水平。
[Abstract]:But PVC decomposes and releases a lot of black smoke and a variety of toxic and corrosive gases during combustion, causing people to suffocate and die in the event of a fire.Therefore, the study of flame retardancy and smoke suppression of PVC is an urgent problem.In this paper, PVC/ molybdenum compound / phosphate compound composites were prepared by melt blending method. The effect of molybdenum compound / phosphorus compound ratio on the smoke inhibition of PVC was studied.To investigate the synergistic effect of molybdenum and phosphorus compounds on the flame retardancy and salt suppression of PVC.The effects of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as flame retardant and ammonium octamolybdate (AOM) as smoke suppressant combined with tensile impact smoke density limiting oxygen index and micro calorimeter were studied.However, the tensile strength and elongation at break of APP decreased further with the increase of APP component, and the impact property was improved obviously.Combined with micro calorimeter and smoke density analyzer, the best smoke suppression effect was obtained when the amount of APP added in the sample was 6phr. The maximum density of smoke was 73.08, the density of smoke was 60.67, and the oxygen index was 6.9 higher than that of pure PVC.In addition, the influence of combustion heat release and the decomposition process of PVC with the increase of APP components by the micro calorimeter showed that AOM was added to 6phrr in 2# sample, and APP to 3phr was added to 3phr at a lower rate.Synthesizing two groups of experiments, it is concluded that the two masks have excellent properties.Because of the low efficiency of the traditional technology and the large dust of the traditional mixing mode, the operator and the equipment are greatly affected.This article has upgraded the processing technology, improved the production efficiency and guaranteed the product stability.The design of automatic feeding device can control the material accurately, save manpower and eliminate the defects of color difference, poor surface and unstable performance in the traditional processing process.After adding the material to the automatic feeding device according to the formula, the material heats up to the set process temperature through the friction between the material and the machine, and then the material is reduced to 40 ~ 50oC by the cold mixer to make the formula material, and the material is added to the extruder for plasticizing.After T-mold forming for piece embryo, the three-roll calender is used for cooling and setting.The on-line monitor carries on the automatic continuous inspection to the product surface, the bad product is picked out to carry on the crushing treatment, the qualified product continues to forward the output, carries on the film in the film sticking device position, may single layer or double layer paste the protective film,The protective film is of polyethylene material, safe and environmental protection, and strong adhesion of sheet material, it is used to protect the product surface; the width of the product is adjusted by adjusting the spacing of the cutting knife, and the cutting knife is arranged between the production guide rollers, which can cut the edge in time.The edge-cutting material is directly crushed and recycled into the hopper for secondary use, saving material cost.Then cut the continuous sheet into a set length through the shearing machine, and perform performance testing.The automatic production system of PVC flame-retardant and smoke suppression sheet was designed. After more than one year of production, the production of PVC flame-retardant and smoke suppression sheet was stable and the production quality of hard PVC flame-retardant and smoke suppression sheet was stable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TQ325.3

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