發(fā)布時間：2018-04-10 18:08

  本文選題：丁腈橡膠 + 防老劑　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：國產(chǎn)油浸式變壓器的漏、滲油問題一直比較嚴(yán)重,給我國的供電行業(yè)帶來了巨大的安全隱患和經(jīng)濟損失。統(tǒng)計結(jié)果表明,導(dǎo)致這一現(xiàn)象的主要原因是橡膠密封材料的老化。變壓器密封材料大多采用丁腈橡膠,盡管相對于其他常用的合成橡膠,丁腈橡膠性能優(yōu)異,現(xiàn)有的橡膠配方和助劑也已經(jīng)能夠滿足基本使用,但對于變壓器惡劣環(huán)境下的使用不可避免的發(fā)生老化。因此對變壓器用丁腈橡膠材料的改性尤為重要,通過改性可以在提高橡膠力學(xué)性能同時改善其耐老化性能。防老劑可以改善橡膠老化的現(xiàn)象,但對于高溫或溶劑等惡劣的工作環(huán)境,普通防老劑往往因為揮發(fā)和抽出失去原有的防護效果。相比之下,大分子防老劑具有更加穩(wěn)定的性能,這種防老劑不揮發(fā)、不遷移、不被抽出。大量的研究表明,將橡膠助劑與橡膠主體或者其它載體結(jié)合可以獲得這種高效的橡膠助劑。本文通過硅烷偶聯(lián)劑和對氨基二苯胺的反應(yīng)合成了兩種耐油密封橡膠防老劑,并使用兩種防老劑改性白炭黑,通過相關(guān)表征考察了兩種防老劑對白炭黑分散、表面性質(zhì)的影響。實驗結(jié)果表明,通過反應(yīng)使白炭黑表面接枝上了對苯二胺基團,白炭黑表面羥基明顯減少,同時對苯二胺類大分子使白炭黑具有了明顯的疏水性質(zhì),接觸角明顯提高。本文將防老劑改性后的白炭黑添加于丁腈橡膠中,研究了 NBR硫化膠的物理機械性能和耐老化性能,并與防老劑4020和偶聯(lián)劑KH 550進行了對比。實驗結(jié)果表明,兩種防老劑的偶聯(lián)效果接近KH 550;相比于添加防老劑4020的NBR硫化膠,添加兩種防老劑的NBR硫化膠耐空氣老化性能和耐油老化性能明顯提高,接枝防老劑的白炭黑在丁腈橡膠中的團聚現(xiàn)象明顯改善。本文還考察了防老劑改性白炭黑的添加量對NBR硫化膠的物理機械性能和耐老化性能的影響。實驗結(jié)果表明,白炭黑用量的增加會使硫化膠拉伸強度和硬度提高,使斷裂伸長率和加工性能下降;硫化膠的耐空氣老化性能和耐油性能也隨著白炭黑用量增加而提高;但是隨著白炭黑用量超過50份,用量對性能的影響不再明顯。綜合考慮下改性白炭黑的用量在40-50份左右最為合適。
[Abstract]:The leakage and oil leakage of oil-immersed transformer in China have been serious all the time, which has brought huge safety hidden trouble and economic loss to our country's power supply industry.The statistical results show that the main cause of this phenomenon is the aging of rubber sealing materials.Transformer sealing materials are mostly nitrile rubber, although compared with other commonly used synthetic rubber, nitrile rubber has excellent performance, existing rubber formulations and additives have been able to meet the basic use,However, the use of transformers under harsh conditions is inevitably aging.Therefore, the modification of NBR for transformer is particularly important, which can improve the mechanical properties of rubber and the aging resistance of NBR at the same time.Antioxidant can improve the aging phenomenon of rubber, but for the bad working environment such as high temperature or solvent, ordinary antioxidant often loses its original protective effect because of volatilization and extraction.By contrast, macromolecular antioxidants have more stable properties, which do not volatilize, do not migrate, and are not withdrawn.A large number of studies have shown that the rubber auxiliaries can be obtained by combining the rubber auxiliaries with the rubber host or other supports.In this paper, two kinds of oil-resistant rubber antioxidants were synthesized by silane coupling agent and p-aminodiphenylamine reaction, and two antioxidants were used to modify silica. The effects of two antioxidants on the dispersion and surface properties of silica were investigated by correlation characterization.The experimental results showed that the surface of silica was grafted with p-phenylenediamine group, the hydroxyl group of silica surface was decreased obviously, and the hydrophobic property and contact angle of silica were obviously improved by the macromolecule p-phenylenediamine.The physical and mechanical properties and aging resistance of NBR vulcanizate were studied by adding silica modified by antioxidant to nitrile butadiene rubber. The results were compared with antioxidant 4020 and coupling agent KH550.The results showed that the coupling effect of the two antioxidants was close to that of KH550.The air aging resistance and oil aging resistance of NBR vulcanizates with two antioxidants were significantly improved compared with those of NBR vulcanizates with antioxidant 4020.The agglomeration of silica grafted with antioxidant in nitrile rubber was obviously improved.The effects of the amount of silica modified by antioxidant on the physical and mechanical properties and aging resistance of NBR vulcanizate were also investigated.The results showed that the tensile strength and hardness of vulcanizate increased with the increase of silica content, and the elongation at break and processability decreased, and the air aging resistance and oil resistance of vulcanizate also increased with the increase of silica content.However, with the amount of silica more than 50 phr, the effect of the amount of silica on the performance is not obvious.The optimum dosage of modified silica was 40-50 phr.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ330.382

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