本文選題：采油樹　切入點：氣密封　出處：《湖北工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：采油樹設備是油氣田開采的重要工具,依據(jù)API 6A技術要求,為了達到油氣開采的壓力要求,目前國內外采油樹已從PSL1發(fā)展到了PSL4,PSL3以下的采油樹只適合采油,而PSL3(3G)以上的采油樹適合采油及采氣,因此PSL3(3G)以上采油樹的密封性能直接決定了其是否能順利開采。本文主要闡述了通過運用謝寧(Shainin)原理分析方法,找出引起PSL3G采油樹設備閥板閥座密封泄漏的根本原因,并通過優(yōu)化零件的表面處理工藝改善閥板閥座的物理性能,從而解決采油樹的泄露故障。具體內容如下:(1)通過采油樹的結構分析以及各部分結構發(fā)生故障的統(tǒng)計分析,結果表明:采油樹主要故障發(fā)生在平板閘閥上,并且故障比例達到了總故障發(fā)生次數(shù)的67.25%,而泄露故障在所有故障中占99%的比例,泄露故障主要分為外漏及內漏,外漏故障表現(xiàn)的比較明顯,雖然內漏故障表現(xiàn)得沒有外漏故障明顯,但在采油樹投入使用前首先要排除內漏隱患。(2)依據(jù)PSL3G采油樹強度及密封性試驗原則,對采油樹進行強度及密封性試驗,試驗過程均為第一階段的水壓測試及第二階段的氣壓測試。強度試驗主要目的是為了排除外漏故障。密封性試驗主要目的是為了排除內漏故障,進行試驗時,對所有的平板閘閥進行測試,測試順序為下主閥與清蠟閥外側測試→下主閥與清蠟閥外側測試→上主閥與翼閥外側測試→上主閥與翼閥內側測試。(3)運用謝寧(Shainin)原理分析方法,通過列出問題定義樹形圖(Green Y)及項目定義樹形圖,并且用成對比較技術創(chuàng)建了失效事件策略圖,縮小了檢測范圍,接下來進行stage0、stage1、seage2三個階段的組件搜索過程,搜索出PSL3G采油樹設備產生泄露故障的部位為閥板及閥座。(4)分析泄露故障的原因,通過目測、工藝要求檢測以及對閥板閥座承載壓力的有限元分析,確定產品的選材是合格的,但是傳統(tǒng)熱處理方式引起了閥板閥座的彈性變形,導致了泄露故障的發(fā)生。通過使用高溫QPQ處理技術進行工藝優(yōu)化,使閥板閥座的硬化層深度大于40μm,最低硬度大于HRC50或HK542(努氏硬度),最大變形量控制在20μm的最大極限以內,從而滿足了閥板閥座的使用要求。
[Abstract]:Oil production tree equipment is an important tool for oil and gas field production. According to API 6A technology requirement, in order to meet the pressure requirement of oil and gas production, the oil production tree has developed from PSL1 to the oil production tree below PSL4 / PSL3 at home and abroad, which is only suitable for oil production.The oil production tree above PSL3G) is suitable for oil production and gas recovery, so the sealing performance of the tree above PSL3 / 3G directly determines whether or not it can be exploited smoothly.In this paper, the fundamental cause of seal leakage of valve plate valve seat in PSL3G oil production tree equipment is found by using the analysis method of Xie Ning-Shain principle, and the physical properties of valve plate valve seat are improved by optimizing the surface treatment technology of parts.In order to solve the oil tree leakage fault.The concrete contents are as follows: (1) through the structural analysis of the oil production tree and the statistical analysis of the various structural failures, the results show that the main fault of the oil recovery tree occurs on the flat gate valve.And the proportion of faults reached 67.25% of the total number of faults, and the leakage fault accounted for 99% of all the faults. The leakage faults are mainly divided into external leakage and internal leakage, the performance of external leakage fault is obvious.Although the internal leakage fault shows no obvious external leakage fault, before the oil recovery tree is put into use, the hidden danger of internal leakage should be removed first. (2) according to the principle of PSL3G oil recovery tree strength and sealing test, the strength and sealing test of the oil recovery tree is carried out.The test process is the first stage water pressure test and the second stage air pressure test.The main purpose of strength test is to eliminate leakage.The main purpose of the sealing test is to eliminate internal leakage and to test all the flat gate valves during the test.The order of test is lower main valve and wax cleaning valve outer test / lower main valve and wax cleaning valve outer test upper main valve and wing valve outer test upper main valve and wing valve inner test.By listing the problem definition tree (Green Y) and the item definition tree, and using the pairwise comparison technique, the failure event strategy graph is created, which reduces the detection scope. Then, the three-stage component search process of stage0 / stage1seage2 is carried out.The leakage fault of PSL3G oil recovery tree equipment is found to be valve plate and valve seat. The reason of leakage fault is analyzed. Through visual measurement, process requirement detection and finite element analysis of valve plate seat bearing pressure, it is determined that the material selection of the product is qualified.But the traditional heat treatment causes the elastic deformation of the valve plate seat, resulting in leakage failure.By using high temperature QPQ treatment technology to optimize the process, the hardened layer depth of the valve plate seat is greater than 40 渭 m, the minimum hardness is greater than HRC50 or HK542 (Knoop hardness, the maximum deformation is controlled within the maximum limit of 20 渭 m),Thus meets the valve plate valve seat use request.
【學位授予單位】：湖北工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE93

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