本文選題：食用菌菌糠　切入點(diǎn)：堆肥發(fā)酵　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：腐植酸是動(dòng)植物殘?bào)w經(jīng)過(guò)腐解和轉(zhuǎn)化,形成的一類高分子有機(jī)物,廣泛存在于風(fēng)化煤、褐煤以及泥炭中,土壤、堆肥、造紙廢液、酒精廢液、河泥、塘泥中也含有腐植酸。腐植酸作為一種重要的有機(jī)質(zhì),能夠改善土壤的理化性狀。研究表明腐植酸類物質(zhì)的施用能夠提高土壤的肥力,提供給植物較為全面的營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素。同時(shí)腐植酸能增強(qiáng)土壤中微生物的活性,增加土壤微生物的總量以及有益微生物的數(shù)量。此外,腐植酸在修復(fù)土壤重金屬以及有毒有機(jī)物污染方面發(fā)揮著重要的作用。食用菌菌糠是指利用秸稈木屑等原料進(jìn)行食用菌代料栽培,收獲后剩余的培養(yǎng)基廢料。菌糠含有豐富的菌體蛋白以及代謝產(chǎn)物,還有許多未被利用的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),并含有大量的、多種類的微生物菌群。食用菌的酶解作用產(chǎn)生多種糖類、酶、有機(jī)酸類以及生物活性物質(zhì)。此外,菌糠中鈣、鐵、鋅、鎂等微量元素的含量也很豐富。我國(guó)食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,隨著食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,每年產(chǎn)生大量的菌糠。傳統(tǒng)處理菌糠的方法是燃燒或者丟棄,不僅造成了大量的資源浪費(fèi),同時(shí)造成了環(huán)境污染。利用菌糠通過(guò)堆肥發(fā)酵制取生物腐植酸,可以將有機(jī)廢物轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐子谔幚淼奈锪?既減少了環(huán)境污染,同時(shí)又創(chuàng)造出具有較高價(jià)值的生物腐植酸產(chǎn)品。本研究以食用菌菌糠為原料,通過(guò)堆肥發(fā)酵,制取生物腐植酸。實(shí)驗(yàn)做接菌劑和不接菌劑(對(duì)照)2個(gè)堆肥處理,每個(gè)處理3次重復(fù),堆肥持續(xù)時(shí)間為36天。測(cè)定堆肥過(guò)程中的腐熟度指標(biāo)以及腐植酸含量的變化規(guī)律。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:接種生物菌劑可以加快堆體的升溫速度、提高堆肥溫度并延長(zhǎng)高溫期;堆體pH值呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì);堆體的含水率、總有機(jī)碳含量及碳氮比均呈下降趨勢(shì),且接菌劑處理的下降速度快于對(duì)照處理;堆體的總氮含量呈先下降后上升趨勢(shì);種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)呈不斷上升趨勢(shì)。堆肥結(jié)束時(shí),接菌劑處理的含水率、總有機(jī)碳含量及碳氮比均顯著低于對(duì)照,總氮含量及種子發(fā)芽指數(shù)均顯著高于對(duì)照。總腐植酸含量呈先下降后上升的趨勢(shì),游離腐植酸含量呈先上升再下降后上升的趨勢(shì),水溶性腐植酸含量一直上升直到堆肥結(jié)束,黃腐酸的含量呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)。堆肥結(jié)束后,接菌劑處理的各種腐植酸含量均顯著高于對(duì)照。結(jié)果表明接種生物菌劑加快了堆肥進(jìn)程,有利于有機(jī)質(zhì)的分解與腐植酸的生成。通過(guò)堿溶酸析法從接菌劑處理的菌糠堆肥樣品中提取生物腐植酸,通過(guò)盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了不同濃度生物腐植酸(1g/kg、2g/kg、4g/kg)對(duì)鎘脅迫下油菜生長(zhǎng)、葉片葉綠素含量及抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)的影響。結(jié)果表明:施鎘量10mg/kg對(duì)油菜產(chǎn)生了顯著的毒害作用,施加生物腐植酸能增加鎘脅迫下油菜的株高和根長(zhǎng),并能提高油菜的濕重和干重,增加油菜葉片葉綠素含量,以及葉片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)、過(guò)氧化物酶(POD)活性,減輕鎘脅迫對(duì)油菜的傷害。當(dāng)生物腐植酸施加濃度為2g/kg時(shí),可有效地緩解鎘脅迫對(duì)油菜的傷害,而高濃度的生物腐植酸對(duì)鎘脅迫的緩解作用減弱。
[Abstract]:Humic acid is animal and plant residues after decomposition and transformation, a kind of high polymer organic form, widely exists in weathered coal, lignite and peat, soil, compost, waste liquor, alcohol wastewater, river, pond sludge also contains humic acid. Humic acid is an important organic, can improve the soil physical and chemical properties the research shows that the humic substance fertilizer can improve soil fertility, provide nutrients to plants comprehensively. At the same time humic acid can enhance the soil microbial activity, soil microbial quantity and increase the amount of beneficial microorganisms. In addition, humic acid plays an important role in the remediation of soil heavy metals and toxic organic pollutants. Edible fungus chaff refers to the use of straw sawdust and other raw materials of edible fungi cultivation, culture medium waste remaining after harvest. The fungus bran contains rich protein and bacteria There are many metabolites, unused nutrients, and contains a large number of the various types of microorganisms. Edible fungi enzymolysis produces a variety of sugars, enzymes, organic acids and bioactive substances. In addition, WMLE in calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium and other trace elements content is very rich. The edible mushroom industry in our country has developed rapidly, with the development of mushroom industry, a large number of WMLE produced each year. The traditional processing method of mushroom bran is burned or discarded, not only a waste of resources, also caused the pollution of the environment. The use of mushroom bran by composting fermentation to produce bio humic acid, organic waste can be transformed into easy to handle material, not only reduce the environmental pollution, but also create a high value of the products. In this study, the biological humic acid mushroom bran as raw material, through composting, humic acid to produce bio inoculum and experiment. No inoculum (control) 2 composting, each treatment was repeated 3 times, composting duration was 36 days. The changes of determination during composting maturity indexes and humic acid content. The experimental results show that microbial inoculation can accelerate the composting temperature rise speed, improve the compost temperature and prolong the period of high temperature reactor; the pH value increased first and then decreased; water pile rate, total organic carbon content and carbon nitrogen ratio were decreased, and the inoculum treatment decreased faster than CK; the total nitrogen content of pile decreased first and then increased; seed germination index showed a rising trend. At the end, the water treatment rate of bacteria, total organic carbon content and carbon nitrogen ratio were significantly lower than the control, the total nitrogen content and seed germination index were significantly higher than the control. The total humic acid content decreased first and then increased, the content of phytic acid free rot was first The rise and decline after rising trend, up until the end of the compost humic acid water soluble fulvic acid content was first increased and then decreased. After composting, the various humic acid agent treatment were significantly higher than the control. The results showed that microbial inoculation accelerated the composting process, is conducive to organic matter the decomposition and humic acid formation. By alkali extraction and acid precipitation method to extract bio humic acid from WMLE compost inoculum treatment, through pot experiment, the effects of different concentrations of humic acid (1g/kg, 2g/kg, 4g/kg) on the growth of rape under cadmium stress, the chlorophyll content and antioxidant system. The results showed that fertilizer the cadmium content of 10mg/kg resulted in toxic effect on rape, applying biological humic acid can increase under cadmium stress in plant height and root length, and can improve the wet weight and dry weight of leaves, increased leaf Chlorophyll content and leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) activity, reduce the cadmium stress on rape damage. When applying the biological humic acid concentration is 2g/kg, which can effectively alleviate the cadmium stress on rape injury, while high concentration of humic acid cadmium stress relieving effect weakened.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：O636.9

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