本文選題：低滲儲(chǔ)層　切入點(diǎn)：數(shù)字巖心　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：低滲致密儲(chǔ)層孔喉細(xì)小、孔隙空間復(fù)雜,尤其針對(duì)淺層疏松砂巖儲(chǔ)層,在壓實(shí)成巖過(guò)程中由于上覆壓力小導(dǎo)致巖石膠結(jié)差,很難取得完整巖心,此時(shí)進(jìn)行巖心分析實(shí)驗(yàn)耗時(shí)長(zhǎng)、誤差大,而深井、復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)井取心困難、費(fèi)用昂貴,物理實(shí)驗(yàn)難于開(kāi)展。流體在低滲儲(chǔ)層中流動(dòng)時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生微流動(dòng)效應(yīng),使得以Darcy定律為基礎(chǔ)的宏觀(guān)滲流規(guī)律無(wú)法適用于低滲儲(chǔ)層的勘探開(kāi)發(fā),因此亟需深入到多孔介質(zhì)內(nèi)部從微觀(guān)尺度上對(duì)儲(chǔ)層開(kāi)展研究,如孔隙空間的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)、孔喉大小對(duì)流體滲流的影響,流體在其中的分布規(guī)律、流體之間相互作用機(jī)理,才可以從根本上達(dá)到對(duì)油藏微觀(guān)機(jī)理的認(rèn)知,以此為基礎(chǔ)找到更有效的油氣開(kāi)采技術(shù)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)低孔低滲砂巖進(jìn)行微CT掃描,結(jié)合高級(jí)可視化軟件Avizo和多物理場(chǎng)有限元軟件Comsol對(duì)巖心灰度圖像進(jìn)行濾波處理、二值化分割和連通性判斷,完成了多孔介質(zhì)孔隙空間的三維微觀(guān)精細(xì)重構(gòu)和巖心孔隙參數(shù)的定量表征。以巖心孔喉結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對(duì)象通過(guò)孤立孔隙清除和數(shù)據(jù)體表面平滑對(duì)孔隙介質(zhì)進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,同時(shí)對(duì)重構(gòu)的數(shù)據(jù)體進(jìn)行表面簡(jiǎn)化和修復(fù),減少了數(shù)字巖心建模和微觀(guān)滲流數(shù)值模擬所需的時(shí)間和計(jì)算機(jī)存儲(chǔ)空間,選取STL文件作為數(shù)據(jù)交互的接口類(lèi)型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了 Avizo數(shù)字巖心可視化和Comsol有限元模擬軟件的交互對(duì)接�；趲r心的圖像預(yù)處理和數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)接逐一開(kāi)展了孔隙微觀(guān)結(jié)構(gòu)中的滲透率模擬計(jì)算、微觀(guān)層面上的熱傳導(dǎo)數(shù)值模擬等研究,最后著重考察了 Avizo和Comsol對(duì)接在微觀(guān)滲流中的運(yùn)用和潤(rùn)濕性對(duì)儲(chǔ)層微觀(guān)滲流的影響。研究取得的主要成果和認(rèn)識(shí)如下:(1)完善了巖心CT圖像處理流程,確立了基于分水嶺算法進(jìn)行低滲儲(chǔ)層巖石的二值化分割,基于圖像數(shù)據(jù)距離變換提取連通孔隙的中軸線(xiàn)從而建立巖心的孔隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型,對(duì)巖心的孔隙度、孔喉半徑體積、孔喉表面積等參數(shù)進(jìn)行了定量表征,達(dá)到了對(duì)巖心微觀(guān)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的準(zhǔn)確描述。(2)基于納維-斯托克斯方程的多孔介質(zhì)體積平均方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了流體在巖心孔隙空間中的滲流模擬,獲取了巖心的絕對(duì)滲透率,通過(guò)比對(duì)巖心分析實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了以數(shù)字巖心為基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)值模擬方法具有很好的可靠性。(3)運(yùn)用基于多尺度均勻化理論的傅里葉定律計(jì)算了非接觸3D圓柱體、非接觸3D球體、粒子接觸的3D球體以及雙層復(fù)合材料等四種模型的熱導(dǎo)率,考察了微觀(guān)尺度下巖石的熱傳導(dǎo)性質(zhì)。(4)完成了 Avizo與Comsol的對(duì)接,實(shí)現(xiàn)了流體在巖心中流動(dòng)的可視化,計(jì)算了絕對(duì)滲透率和相對(duì)滲透率,著重研究了存在界面層的微觀(guān)滲流機(jī)理。(5)基于孔隙重建方法和CT圖像提取的真實(shí)三維孔隙網(wǎng)絡(luò),假定孔隙網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型中水驅(qū)程度逐漸加深,多孔介質(zhì)中含水飽和度逐漸增加,接著進(jìn)行氣體驅(qū)替,直到含油量達(dá)到殘余油飽和度,針對(duì)老化之后的不同潤(rùn)濕性狀態(tài),控制第一次排水之后的滲吸得到水驅(qū)后氣驅(qū)的飽和路徑和相應(yīng)的殘余油飽和度三元相圖,考察了潤(rùn)濕性對(duì)多孔介質(zhì)三相滲流的影響。
[Abstract]:Low permeability reservoir small pore throat, complicated pore space, especially in shallow unconsolidated sandstone reservoir in the diagenetic compaction process due to overburden pressure to rock cementation difference, it is difficult to obtain a complete core, this core analysis experiment is time-consuming and error, deep, complex structure wells coring problems that is expensive, difficult to carry out physical experiments. Fluid flow in the reservoir in low will produce micro flow effect, the macroscopic seepage law based on Darcy's law is not applicable to the exploration and development of low permeability reservoir, so it is necessary to go deep into the internal porous media to carry out research on the reservoir from the micro scale. The topological structure such as pore space, influence of pore throat size on fluid flow, fluid distribution in the interaction mechanism between the fluid, it can fundamentally achieve the microcosmic mechanism of the reservoir on the basis of cognition, find more Oil and gas exploration technology effectively. Based on the low porosity and low permeability sandstone micro CT scanning, combined with the advanced visualization software Avizo and finite element software Comsol to filter core gray image binarization segmentation and connectivity analysis, quantitative characterization of the pore space of porous media to complete the three-dimensional reconstruction and micro fine the core pore parameters. On the basis of core pore structure as the research object to mesh pore medium through the smooth surface of isolated pore removal and data, the reconstructed data were surface simplification and repair, computer time and storage space required to reduce the numerical modeling of digital core and micro flow, select the STL file as the type of data exchange interface, realizes the interactive docking of Avizo digital core visualization and Comsol finite element simulation software. And based on the core of image pre processing The data carried out one by one docking micro pore structure in the permeability calculation, the micro level study of the heat transfer numerical simulation, finally focuses on the impact of the use of Avizo and Comsol and wettability on the butt in the micro seepage micro seepage of reservoir. The main results are as follows: (1) perfect the core of CT image processing, established based on the watershed algorithm of reservoir rock binarization segmentation of low permeability, pore network model of image data extraction distance transform connected pores axis so as to establish the core based on the rock porosity, pore throat size, pore throat size and other parameters table is characterized quantitatively and reach an accurate description of the topological structure of the micro core. (2) porous medium volume average method, Navier Stokes equations to achieve the fluid in the core pore space in the seepage flow simulation based on The absolute permeability of core, and through the comparison of core analysis experiments verify the numerical simulation based on digital core method has a good reliability. (3) 3D non contact cylinder is calculated by Fourier law based on multi-scale homogenization theory, 3D non contact ball, thermal contact 3D and double sphere particles composite materials in four kinds of models to study the thermal conduction rate, properties of rock micro scale. (4) completed the butt joint of Avizo and Comsol, realize the visualization of fluid flow in rock, absolute permeability and relative permeability calculation, focuses on the microscopic seepage mechanism of interface layer (5) is true. The 3D pore network pore and CT image reconstruction method based on the extraction of water flooding, assuming pore network model deepen gradually, gradually increase the water saturation in porous medium, followed by gas flooding, until The oil content reaches the residual oil saturation. Aiming at the different wettability state after aging, we control the imbibition after the first drainage, get the three phase diagram of the gas flooding saturation path and the corresponding residual oil saturation after water drive, and investigate the influence of wettability on the three-phase seepage in porous media.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TE312

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