本文選題：煤矸石　切入點(diǎn)：形態(tài)分析　出處：《河南理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為探明煤矸石中重金屬Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)和釋放機(jī)理,以及煤矸石山周圍農(nóng)田土壤的重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀,以河南省焦作市中馬村礦為研究對象,并以新鄉(xiāng)市趙固一礦和新密市米村礦為對照,采用BCR連續(xù)提取法分析了三個(gè)礦區(qū)煤矸石和農(nóng)田土壤(中馬村礦)中重金屬元素的形態(tài);對煤矸石進(jìn)行了浸泡和淋溶實(shí)驗(yàn),分析了煤矸石中重金屬元素在浸泡和淋溶過程中的釋放規(guī)律,討論了重金屬浸泡析出量與可交換態(tài)含量之間的關(guān)系。主要結(jié)果為:(1)中馬村礦矸石中重金屬Cr、Ni、Cd、As均以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)為主要賦存形態(tài),Pb以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)和可還原態(tài)為主要形態(tài),Cu的主要形態(tài)為殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)和可氧化態(tài)。煤矸石中重金屬元素的有效形態(tài)含量、總量與矸石粒徑大小均無顯著關(guān)系。生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評價(jià)結(jié)果表明,中馬村礦煤矸石中重金屬Ni、Cu的可交換態(tài)比例分別達(dá)到27.01%和21.41%,處于中度生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平;米村礦煤矸石中重金屬Ni、Cd均達(dá)到中度至高度生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn);趙固一礦的Pb、Ni、Cu達(dá)到中度生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平。單項(xiàng)污染系數(shù)評價(jià)結(jié)果表明:中馬村土壤重金屬污染系數(shù)均值大小排序?yàn)?CdAsPbCuNiCr,Cd元素全部樣品均達(dá)到嚴(yán)重污染程度,Pb、As多數(shù)樣品達(dá)到輕微污染,個(gè)別樣品達(dá)到中度污染。(2)煤矸石一日浸泡實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明,重金屬Ni和As在弱酸性浸泡液中更易被溶出釋放;煤矸石經(jīng)浸泡后的重金屬析出量與矸石粒級(jí)無顯著聯(lián)系;中馬村礦矸石中重金屬Cu、Ni、As的釋放濃度與其可交換態(tài)含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),米村礦矸石中重金屬Ni、Cd的釋放濃度與其可交換態(tài)含量呈正相關(guān)。與國家地下水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對比,中馬村、米村、趙固一礦三地矸石一日浸泡實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果中均發(fā)現(xiàn)Ni、As元素浸出濃度均超過地下水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對環(huán)境存在一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(3)煤矸石五日浸泡實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明,煤矸石中重金屬Cd最易溶出,Pb最難溶出。重金屬元素的溶出率大小排序?yàn)?中馬村礦CdAsCrNiCu≈Pb;趙固一礦CdAsCrNiCuPb;米村礦CdAsCrNiCuPb。(4)煤矸石淋溶實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明,重金屬Ni、Cu、As、Cd的釋放量隨時(shí)間的增長呈逐漸減少的趨勢,最后趨于平穩(wěn),其淋溶釋放峰值均出現(xiàn)于淋溶初期;重金屬Pb、C的r淋溶釋放規(guī)律均表現(xiàn)出波動(dòng)性。(5)三個(gè)礦區(qū)煤矸石中重金屬的溶出率均以As元素為最高;米村礦矸石中As元素的最大溶出率高于中馬村礦和趙固一礦,達(dá)到1.0844%;矸石中Cd的最大溶出率以中馬村礦為最低,僅為0.0253%;米村礦和趙固一礦矸石中重金屬的最大溶出率均以Pb為最低。
[Abstract]:For heavy metals in coal gangue proved Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Pb morphology and release mechanism, and the heavy metal pollution in the farmland around coal gangue situation, in Macun city of Jiaozuo province in Henan coal mine as the research object, and takes Xinxiang city and Xinmi city zhaoguerkuang mine Micun mine as control. The three coal gangue and soil analysis method for continuous extraction of BCR (Macun mine) of heavy metal elements in the form; soaking and leaching experiments of coal gangue, analyzes the release law of heavy metal elements in coal gangue in soaking and leaching process, discussed the relationship between the heavy metal and immersion precipitation the exchangeable content. The main results are as follows: (1) the heavy metal Cr in Macun mine gangue, Ni, Cd, As in the residue as the main speciation, Pb in residual and reducible as the main form, the main form of Cu is residual fraction and oxidizable in coal gangue. The available form of heavy metals, there was no significant relationship between the total and gangue particle size. The ecological risk assessment results show that the heavy metal Ni in Macun coal mine, coal gangue, Cu of exchangeable ratio reached 27.01% and 21.41% respectively, in the moderate ecological risk level; heavy metal Ni Micun mine coal gangue, Cd are moderately to a high degree of ecological risk; Zhaogu No. Pb, Ni, Cu at moderate ecological risk level. The single pollution coefficient evaluation results show that: in Macun, the soil heavy metal pollution coefficient mean the order of CdAsPbCuNiCr, Cd elements in all samples have reached serious pollution, Pb, As in most samples reached slight pollution, moderate to individual samples the pollution of coal gangue. (2) a day immersion test results show that Ni and As are more susceptible to heavy metal release in acid soaking liquid; coal gangue were soaked in heavy precipitation and grain level Significant contact; heavy metals of Cu, in the Macun coal mine gangue Ni, concentration of As and the release of exchangeable content was significantly negatively related to heavy metal Ni Micun mine gangue, the release concentration of Cd and exchangeable content were positively correlated. Compared with the national standard of underground water in Macun, rice village, Zhao Ni were found the three day Gu mine gangue soak in the experimental results, As element leaching concentration exceeded the groundwater quality standards, there are certain risks to the environment. (3) coal gangue five days immersion test results show that the heavy metal Cd in coal gangue is most easily dissolved, Pb the most difficult dissolution of heavy metals. The dissolution rate of size order: in Macun mine is CdAsCrNiCu Pb; zhaoguerkuang mine CdAsCrNiCuPb; Micun mine CdAsCrNiCuPb. (4) coal gangue leaching experiment results show that the heavy metals Ni, Cu, As, Cd emissions were gradually decreased along with the increase of time, and finally tends to be stable, the leaching release Put the peak occurred in the early stage of leaching; leaching of heavy metals of Pb, release of R C fluctuated. (5) the three heavy metals in coal gangue dissolution rate of the As element is the highest; As element in Micun mine gangue in the maximum dissolution rate was higher than that in the Macun mine and zhaoguerkuang mine in Cd, reached 1.0844%; gangue maximum dissolution rate in Macun mine is the lowest, only 0.0253%; heavy metal mining and zhaoguerkuang mine gangue Micun maximum dissolution rates were the lowest in Pb.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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本文編號(hào)：1667262