本文選題：修井機(jī)井架　切入點(diǎn)：承載能力　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在役修井機(jī)井架所處環(huán)境惡劣,時(shí)刻面臨磨損、腐蝕、載荷突然增加等問題,其承載性能難免隨著井架使用的增多而下降;井架承載能力的周期檢評(píng)方式實(shí)時(shí)性較差,不能對(duì)承載不足的井架進(jìn)行及時(shí)預(yù)警與控制,為了保障現(xiàn)場(chǎng)修井作業(yè)人員與修井作業(yè)設(shè)備的安全,避免不必要的事故及經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,進(jìn)行修井機(jī)井架承載能力實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)與鉤載監(jiān)控技術(shù)的研究已經(jīng)刻不容緩。針對(duì)現(xiàn)有井架承載能力檢評(píng)與鉤載監(jiān)控技術(shù)存在的問題,結(jié)合近些年來測(cè)試技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳輸技術(shù)的發(fā)展,將井架承載能力自動(dòng)檢評(píng)與鉤載監(jiān)控技術(shù)聯(lián)系起來已成為可能。以井架強(qiáng)度理論為基礎(chǔ),通過分析井架承載能力與鉤載現(xiàn)有檢測(cè)與計(jì)算方法,提出了以計(jì)算機(jī)為核心,單片機(jī)采集應(yīng)變數(shù)據(jù)并借助無線WIFI技術(shù)進(jìn)行傳輸、采用ABS技術(shù)進(jìn)行鉤載控制的一體化技術(shù)方案,以期延長(zhǎng)井架現(xiàn)有承載性能、降低生產(chǎn)成本,提高修井作業(yè)的效率和安全性。在井架上進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)貼片操作精度低、速度慢、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大,采用事先將應(yīng)變片貼在剛度比被測(cè)構(gòu)件小很多的低彈性模量測(cè)量部件上然后再用螺栓粘貼在井架大腿上的方法,設(shè)計(jì)了可重復(fù)使用的應(yīng)變傳感器。從理論上分析了應(yīng)變傳感器的精度與測(cè)量范圍,通過在同一構(gòu)件上進(jìn)行應(yīng)變測(cè)試對(duì)比實(shí)驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了所設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)變傳感器在精度、線性度、重復(fù)性等方面的性能,認(rèn)為所設(shè)計(jì)的應(yīng)變傳感器滿足井架應(yīng)變測(cè)試的要求。圍繞擬定的設(shè)計(jì)方案,以計(jì)算機(jī)為核心,采用最新技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)了井架承載能力檢測(cè)與鉤載監(jiān)控的整套硬件系統(tǒng),構(gòu)建了無線WIFI數(shù)據(jù)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)。依據(jù)應(yīng)變信號(hào)的特點(diǎn),以單片機(jī)為核心設(shè)計(jì)了無線節(jié)點(diǎn)電路,包括自平衡電橋、放大濾波與電壓跟隨電路、單片機(jī)接口及無線數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)電路。利用編程軟件編寫了相應(yīng)單片機(jī)與計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控軟件。室內(nèi)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了所研技術(shù)的先進(jìn)性。其主要特色體現(xiàn)在:(1)集井架承載能力檢評(píng)與鉤載監(jiān)控技術(shù)于一體,在計(jì)算機(jī)的協(xié)調(diào)下自動(dòng)完成井架承載能力檢評(píng)與鉤載監(jiān)控任務(wù)。(2)不停工提供井架實(shí)際承載能力,控制井架荷重在承載能力范圍內(nèi)或直接禁止不符合使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的井架進(jìn)行工作,技術(shù)上可以取代井架承載能力的周期檢評(píng)過程。(3)應(yīng)變測(cè)試采用無線檢測(cè)技術(shù)方案,井架荷重測(cè)試與井架超載控制采用通用有線監(jiān)控方案。應(yīng)變測(cè)試采用無線傳輸技術(shù),可減少有線方案實(shí)施工程中大量的運(yùn)輸、高空接線、調(diào)試等工作,有利于提高應(yīng)變檢測(cè)的安全性與經(jīng)濟(jì)性;井架荷重檢測(cè)與超載控制采用通用有線監(jiān)控方案,可節(jié)約測(cè)控成本,提高測(cè)控技術(shù)的可靠性。(4)計(jì)算機(jī)在完成數(shù)據(jù)拾取、計(jì)算處理、設(shè)備監(jiān)控任務(wù)的同時(shí),利用INTEL網(wǎng)絡(luò)可為設(shè)備管理部門和人員及時(shí)提供井架承載情況及狀態(tài)信息,存儲(chǔ)的過程數(shù)據(jù)便于進(jìn)行歷史數(shù)據(jù)分析,有利于管理人員進(jìn)行科學(xué)決策。(5)采用ABS控制技術(shù)進(jìn)行剎車可減輕井架沖擊載荷,延長(zhǎng)井架承載能力。
[Abstract]:In service rig of bad environment, always face wear, corrosion, load suddenly increases and other issues, the bearing capacity will decline with increasing use of the derrick; periodic inspection derrick bearing capacity assessment, poor real-time, can not be timely warning and control of bearing of derrick, in order to protect the safety of field repair well workover operations personnel and equipment, to avoid unnecessary accidents and economic loss of workover rig load bearing monitoring technology of real-time detection and hook ability is urgent. The existing derrick capacity assessment and hook load monitoring technology in recent years, with the development of computer technology and testing technology. Network transmission technology, the carrying capacity of derrick automatic assessment linked hook load monitoring technology has become possible. The strength of derrick theory as the foundation, through the analysis of derrick The existing methods of measurement and calculation of load bearing capacity and the hook, put forward to the single-chip computer as the core, and with the help of WIFI wireless strain data transmission technology, the integration of technology solutions for hook load control using ABS technology, in order to extend the existing derrick bearing capacity, reduce production cost, improve the efficiency and safety of workover operation in the traditional patch on the derrick. Operation of low precision, slow speed, high risk, the prior strain sheet attached to the stiffness ratio of the measured low elastic modulus measurement component component on the much smaller then paste in the bolt on the thigh well frame design method, the strain sensor can be used repeatedly. From the theoretical analysis the precision and measurement range of strain sensor, through the comparison of experimental strain test in the same component, verify the strain sensor design in precision, linearity, repeatability and other aspects of 鑳，

本文編號(hào)：1667192