本文選題：厚松散層　切入點(diǎn)：承壓含水層　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：華東礦區(qū)普遍存在新生界巨厚松散含水覆蓋層,且煤層上方基巖厚度薄、風(fēng)化嚴(yán)重,在臨近厚松散含水層采煤過程中,工作面來壓期間頂板壓力異常釋放,發(fā)生多起致災(zāi)事故。本文以淮南潘謝礦區(qū)顧北礦1202(3)工作面為研究對(duì)象,基于礦區(qū)及工作面具體水文地質(zhì)資料,結(jié)合理論分析、相似模擬、數(shù)值模擬和現(xiàn)場實(shí)踐等研究方法,對(duì)厚松散含水層下薄基巖采場水-巖耦合致災(zāi)機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究:(1)建立了厚松散含水層下薄基巖采場結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)模型,得到了采場初次來壓時(shí)液壓支架需負(fù)擔(dān)的覆巖總重量。采用相似模擬試驗(yàn),對(duì)比分析了有、無承壓含水層作用下采場覆巖移動(dòng)、變形特征及采場支承壓力演化規(guī)律。薄基巖采場在無承壓水含水層作用下時(shí),松散層自重及所施加載荷不是全部向下傳遞,覆巖前垮落角始終小于后垮落角。與之相比,承壓含水層對(duì)于采場覆巖大范圍運(yùn)移起到推動(dòng)作用,開采初期覆巖前垮落角小于后垮落角,隨著開采范圍擴(kuò)大,覆巖前垮落角突然增大,采場覆巖表現(xiàn)為整體破斷,破斷形狀沿煤壁呈切落狀;覆巖載荷壓實(shí)作用明顯。(2)建立了流-固耦合和無耦合兩種數(shù)值模型,在無耦合條件下,采場上方松散層內(nèi)部最大主應(yīng)力隨煤層開挖而顯著降低,前方最大主應(yīng)力值增長緩慢。在流-固耦合條件下,采場受到承壓水滲流場與采動(dòng)應(yīng)力場雙重作用,煤巖體內(nèi)部應(yīng)力集中程度整體提高,采場前方最大主應(yīng)力值近似呈線性增長。(3)厚松散含水層下薄基巖采場開采工程實(shí)踐表明,初采期間兩巷變形量及支架工作阻力隨推進(jìn)距離增加快速增長,頂板壓力異常釋放,導(dǎo)致液壓支架受到瞬時(shí)沖擊載荷作用,其無法支撐初次來壓時(shí)失穩(wěn)巖層重量。綜上可知,在厚松散含水層下薄基巖單一主關(guān)鍵層條件下進(jìn)行煤層開采工作時(shí),承壓含水層傳遞的載荷增加了采場圍巖應(yīng)力集中程度,整體破斷的基巖塊體重量及上覆載荷超過了液壓支架的額定工作阻力,是工作面致災(zāi)的主要原因。研究成果對(duì)類似條件下的煤層開采具有一定的借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In East China mining area, there is a very thick and loose water-bearing overburden in the Cenozoic, and the bedrock above the coal seam is thin and weathered seriously. During the mining process near the thick and loose aquifer, the roof pressure is abnormally released during the coming pressure period of the working face. In this paper, based on the hydrogeological data of mining area and working face, combined with theoretical analysis, similarity simulation, numerical simulation and field practice, this paper takes the 1202Y3 face of Gubei Coal Mine in Panxie Mining area of Huainan as the research object, combining with theoretical analysis, similarity simulation, numerical simulation and field practice, etc. This paper studies the mechanism of water-rock coupling disaster caused by thin bedrock stope under thick loose aquifer, and establishes the structural mechanics model of thin bedrock stope under thick loose aquifer. In this paper, the total overburden weight of the hydraulic support is obtained when the stope first comes under pressure. By using the similar simulation test, the overburden rock movement of the stope without the action of the confined aquifer is compared and analyzed. Deformation characteristics and evolution law of supporting pressure in stope. When thin bedrock stope under the action of no confined water aquifer, the weight of loose layer and the load applied are not all transmitted downward, and the front collapse angle of overburden is always lower than that of rear collapse angle. The confined aquifer promotes the large-scale migration of overburden rock in the stope. In the early stage of mining, the caving angle of overburden rock is smaller than that of later caving angle. With the expansion of mining scope, the caving angle of overburden rock suddenly increases, and the overburden rock appears as a whole broken down. Two numerical models of fluid-solid coupling and non-coupling are established. Under the condition of no coupling, the maximum principal stress in the loose layer above the stope decreases significantly with the coal seam excavation. Under the condition of fluid-solid coupling, the maximum principal stress increases slowly. Under the condition of fluid-solid coupling, the stress concentration degree in coal and rock mass is improved by the double action of confined water seepage field and mining stress field. The maximum principal stress in front of the stope is approximately linearly increased. The practice of thin bedrock mining under the thick and loose aquifer shows that the deformation of two roadways and the working resistance of the support increase rapidly with the increase of the propulsive distance during the initial mining period, and the roof pressure is abnormally released. As a result, the hydraulic support is subjected to the instantaneous impact load, which can not support the weight of the unstable rock during the initial pressure. In summary, it can be concluded that when the coal seam is mined under the condition of the single main key layer of thin bedrock under the thick and loose aquifer, The load transmitted by the confined aquifer increases the stress concentration of surrounding rock in the stope, and the mass of the whole broken bedrock block and the overburden load exceed the rated working resistance of the hydraulic support. The research results can be used for reference in coal seam mining under similar conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD323;TD355.4

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