本文選題：溶解腐殖質(zhì)　切入點(diǎn)：富營養(yǎng)化　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：溶解有機(jī)物(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)是天然水體中的重要組成部分,可以與水體中的重金屬相互作用,影響水體中微量金屬離子的形態(tài)、毒性、遷移轉(zhuǎn)化過程及生物有效性,在水域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)過程中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。湖泊在天然水體中處于重要地位,在富營養(yǎng)化湖泊中水華過程產(chǎn)生大量的有機(jī)質(zhì),是水體中有機(jī)質(zhì)的主要來源之一,為金屬離子的絡(luò)合提供了更多的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。在微生物的改造作用下,DOM結(jié)構(gòu)組成發(fā)生改變,進(jìn)一步影響了其環(huán)境行為。此外,DOM可轉(zhuǎn)化為生物可利用性營養(yǎng)鹽,是湖泊內(nèi)源性可溶營養(yǎng)物釋放的重要一環(huán),對水華的發(fā)生和持續(xù)時間具有重要的影響。腐殖質(zhì)(Humic Substances,HSs)作為DOM的主要組分(約占40%-80%),是天然水體中與金屬離子相互作用的主體。HSs的結(jié)構(gòu)組成及在水體中的轉(zhuǎn)化過程是影響DOM地球化學(xué)行為的重要因素。因此,對水華過程中HSs結(jié)構(gòu)組成及其與金屬離子反應(yīng)性質(zhì)的認(rèn)識,對深入認(rèn)識富營養(yǎng)化水體中DOM的生物地球化學(xué)行為及環(huán)境效應(yīng)具有重要的意義。本文選取典型的富營養(yǎng)化湖泊一太湖為研究對象,采用國際腐殖質(zhì)協(xié)會推薦的方法,對太湖非水華期及水華期表層水體中溶解態(tài)腐殖質(zhì)(Dissolved HS,DHS)進(jìn)行了提取和分離,并利用元素分析、傅立葉變換紅外光譜、核磁共振、熱重分析及熒光光譜等表征手段對DHS不同組分進(jìn)行表征。在此基礎(chǔ)上,利用二維相關(guān)紅外光譜分析和表征了非水華期及水華期的DHS中不同官能團(tuán)金屬離子絡(luò)合能力的差異。初步結(jié)論如下:1.腐殖酸(Humic acids,HAs)和富里酸(Fulvic acids,FAs)均含有較高的碳和氧含量(37%-56%);與FAs相比,HAs中含有更多的含氮組分(6.4%vs.3.0%)。非水華及水華期DHS中均含有三類熒光組分。脂肪族結(jié)構(gòu)是FAs的主要組成部分,芳香族結(jié)構(gòu)是HAs的主要組成部分。水華期的DHS比非水華期的DHS具有更多的含氮官能團(tuán)(5.3%vs.4.2%),與水華過程密切相關(guān)。與非水華期的DHS相比,水華期的DHS含有更多新鮮物質(zhì),具有更多的羧基和酚羥基官能團(tuán)(32.8%vs.29.3%),提供了更多的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。2.非水華期FAs與水華期FAs中的含氮及含氧的官能團(tuán)在與Cu(Ⅱ)反應(yīng)過程中具有更好的親和能力。非水華期FAs官能團(tuán)的親和順序?yàn)轷０发竦腃=O酰胺Ⅱ的N-H變形和C=N伸縮多糖中的C-O伸縮木質(zhì)素中芳香基團(tuán)的C-HCOO-不對稱伸縮酚羥基中的C-O伸縮及O-H變形酚羥基中的O-H伸縮羧基中的C=O伸縮。而水華期FAs中有機(jī)官能團(tuán)與Cu(Ⅱ)的親和順序可推測為羧基中的C=O酰胺中的C=O酚羥基中的C-O蛋白質(zhì)中的酰胺11多糖中的C-O脂肪族C-OH酚羥基中的O-H芳香基中的C-H。非水華期FAs中含氮有機(jī)物在與Cu(Ⅱ)反應(yīng)過程中具有更快的親和順序,水華期FAs中的羧酸對Cu(Ⅱ)濃度變化最為敏感。水華過程中藍(lán)藻分泌的胞外高聚物(Extracellular polymer substances,EPS)含有較多的碳水化合物(30%),改變了水華期FAs的組成,這可能是非水華期和水華期FAs親和順序差異的原因。3.非水華期及水華期水體中細(xì)菌的群落組成存在較大差異。β變形菌在非水華期的相對豐度約是水華期的4倍,而α變形菌水華期的含量約是非水華期的8.5倍。非水華期及水華期的Fluviicola(0.02%vs.6.4%)、SAR 11(1%vs.28.8%)、hgcI(6.7%vs.19.8%)屬含量的差異改變了 DHS中含氮化合物及多糖等的含量和結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)而影響了非水華期和水華期FAs中不同官能團(tuán)與Cu(Ⅱ)的親和順序。
[Abstract]:Dissolved organic matter (Dissolved Organic, Matter, DOM) is an important part in natural water, can interact with heavy metals in water, effects of trace metal ions in water morphology, toxicity and bioavailability, process migration and transformation, plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of aquatic ecosystem. The lake is in the important position in natural waters, in eutrophic lakes bloom process produces large amounts of organic matter, is one of the main sources of organic matter in water, provide more binding sites for complexation of metal ions. In the transformation of microorganism, DOM structure change, further influence its environmental behavior. In addition, DOM can be transformed into bio available nutrient, nutrient release of endogenous soluble lakes are an important part of the occurrence and duration of water bloom has important influence Ring. (Humic Substances, HSs humus) as the main component of DOM (about 40%-80%), is a structure composed of natural water and metal ion interactions of main body of.HSs and transformation process in water is an important factor affecting DOM geochemical behavior. Therefore, understanding of the structure of HSs and its composition in the process of water bloom reaction of metal ions with nature, has important implications for biogeochemical behavior and environmental effects of understanding in eutrophic water DOM. This paper selects a typical eutrophic lake in Taihu as the research object, using the international humic matter Association recommended method of dissolved in surface water of Taihu non bloom period and bloom in the period of humus (Dissolved HS DHS) was extracted and separated, and by elemental analysis, Fu Liye transform infrared spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and fluorescence spectra of DHS in different components Respectively. On this basis, using two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy analysis and characterization of the difference between the non bloom period and bloom period DHS in different functional groups of metal ion complexing ability. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: 1. humic acids (Humic acids, HAs) and fulvic acid (Fulvic, acids, FAs) the carbon content and oxygen content with high the (37%-56%); compared with FAs, HAs contained more nitrogen components (6.4%vs.3.0%) and DHS. The non bloom bloom contained three kinds of fluorescent components. The structure of FAs is mainly composed of aliphatic, aromatic structure is the main component of HAs. During the blooms of DHS than the non bloom period DHS has more nitrogen functional groups (5.3%vs.4.2%), is closely related with the bloom process. Compared with the non bloom period DHS, bloom period DHS contains more fresh material, with more carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups (32.8%vs.29.3%), and the binding sites of.2. more The non bloom period FAs with bloom period FAs in nitrogen and oxygen containing functional groups with Cu (II) has a better affinity reaction process. C-O O-H C-HCOO- expansion and asymmetric stretching of phenolic hydroxyl affinity sequence FAs functional groups for non bloom C=O amide amide II of the N-H and C=N stretching C-O stretching deformation wood in the polysaccharides of Fang Xiangji group in the C=O stretching O-H stretching deformation in the carboxyl phenolic hydroxyl and FAs. During the blooms of organic functional groups and Cu (II) affinity sequence can be presumed O-H aryl C-O protein C=O C=O amide carboxyl phenolic hydroxyl in the amide more than 11 sugar in C-O aliphatic C-OH phenolic hydroxyl C-H. in the non bloom period in FAs organic compounds containing nitrogen and Cu (II) in the reaction process with affinity sequence faster, FAs in the bloom of Cu acid (II) concentrations was most sensitive. In the process of cellular secretion of cyanobacteria bloom The outer polymer (Extracellular polymer substances, EPS) contain more carbohydrates (30%), changed the composition of phytoplankton bloom period FAs, this may be the reason of the non bloom period.3. and FAs affinity sequence differences during the blooms of non community of bacteria in water bloom and bloom period. There is a big difference. The relative abundance of non beta Proteobacteria the bloom period is about 4 times the bloom period, bloom period and alpha content in deformation is about 8.5 times the non bloom period. Non bloom period and bloom period Fluviicola (0.02%vs.6.4%), SAR 11 (1%vs.28.8%), hgcI (6.7%vs.19.8%) is the change of the content of the differences between the content and structure of nitrogenous compounds and polysaccharides in DHS, the influence of different functional groups of Cu and non bloom period and bloom period in FAs (II) affinity sequence.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X524

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