本文選題：黑臭水體　切入點(diǎn)：遙感反射率　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,城市規(guī)模的日益膨脹,城市居民人口的快速增長(zhǎng),城市污水排放量急劇增加,導(dǎo)致城市黑臭水體大面積出現(xiàn)。城市河流黑臭問(wèn)題目前已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)許多大中城市突出的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。與黑臭水體常規(guī)地面監(jiān)測(cè)手段相比,遙感技術(shù)獲得的監(jiān)測(cè)信息具有時(shí)間和空間上的相對(duì)連續(xù)性,動(dòng)態(tài)范圍大,不僅有助于從區(qū)域?qū)用姘盐蘸诔羲w特征,而且有利于及時(shí)、全面掌握黑臭水體的發(fā)生、發(fā)展與演變遷移過(guò)程,因此可節(jié)省大量人力、物力和時(shí)間花費(fèi)。以衛(wèi)星遙感為主要手段的天地一體化黑臭水體遙感識(shí)別研究具有重要意義。本文以北京、長(zhǎng)春和沈陽(yáng)三個(gè)典型北方城市,杭州、無(wú)錫和常州三個(gè)典型南方城市黑臭水體區(qū)域?yàn)樵囼?yàn)區(qū),經(jīng)過(guò)多次野外水體綜合試驗(yàn),獲取了黑臭水體水質(zhì)參數(shù)、表觀光學(xué)量和固有光學(xué)量等數(shù)據(jù),并構(gòu)建了我國(guó)典型城市黑臭水體光學(xué)特性數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),基于這些數(shù)據(jù)開(kāi)展了三個(gè)方面的研究工作:黑臭水體水質(zhì)參數(shù)特性分析、表觀光學(xué)特性分析和固有光學(xué)特性分析,并提出了兩種基于實(shí)測(cè)遙感反射率的黑臭水體識(shí)別模型。本文主要取得的研究成果是:(1)分別分析了重度黑臭、輕度黑臭和一般水體固有光學(xué)量、表觀光學(xué)量和水質(zhì)參數(shù)特性,為識(shí)別模型構(gòu)建奠定了基礎(chǔ);(2)基于實(shí)測(cè)遙感反射率首次建立了分類決策樹,先劃分了重度、輕度和一般水體三個(gè)大類,進(jìn)一步將重度黑臭和輕度黑臭按照光譜特征細(xì)分為多個(gè)類別;(3)提出一種基于實(shí)測(cè)遙感反射率的黑臭水體識(shí)別方法—飽和度法,選取合適閾值進(jìn)行黑臭識(shí)別,并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行精度驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果表明,該方法可以有效地識(shí)別研究區(qū)域黑臭水體和一般水體;(4)提出一種基于實(shí)測(cè)遙感反射率的黑臭水體識(shí)別方法—光譜指數(shù)法,選取合適閾值進(jìn)行黑臭識(shí)別,并對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行精度驗(yàn)證,該方法可以有效地識(shí)別研究區(qū)域黑臭水體、輕度黑臭水體和一般水體;(5)改善了《城市黑臭水體整治工作指南》中重度、輕度黑臭和一般水體的DO、ORP、NH3-N和透明度判別指標(biāo)。論文的研究成果是基于國(guó)內(nèi)外內(nèi)陸水體水色遙感已有相關(guān)研究基礎(chǔ),推廣至黑臭水體上,為國(guó)家有效監(jiān)管黑臭水體提供技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of our country's social economy, the increasing expansion of urban scale, the rapid growth of urban population, and the rapid increase of urban sewage discharge, The problem of black-smelling water in urban rivers has become a prominent environmental problem in many large and medium-sized cities in China. Compared with the conventional ground monitoring methods of black-smelly water bodies, The monitoring information obtained by remote sensing technology has relative continuity in time and space, and has a large dynamic range. It is not only helpful to grasp the characteristics of black-smelly water bodies at the regional level, but also helpful to grasp the occurrence of black-smelly water bodies in a timely and comprehensive manner. Development and evolution of migration process, so can save a lot of manpower, material resources and time spent. Satellite remote sensing as the main means of remote sensing recognition of black and smelly water body in the world is of great significance. The three typical northern cities of Changchun and Shenyang, Hangzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou are three typical southern cities, the black-smelly water body area is the experimental area. After many field water body comprehensive tests, the water quality parameters of the black-smelly water body are obtained. Based on the data of sightseeing quantity and intrinsic optical quantity, the optical characteristic database of black-smelly water in typical cities of China is constructed. Based on these data, three aspects of research work are carried out: the analysis of the characteristics of water quality parameters of black-smelly water. Two recognition models of black-smelly water body based on the measured remote sensing reflectance are proposed. The main research results in this paper are: (1) the analysis of heavy black-smelly water body. Light black-smelly and general water body intrinsic optical quantity, apparent sightseeing quantity and water quality parameter characteristic have laid the foundation for the identification model construction. (2) based on the measured remote sensing reflectance, the classification decision tree has been established for the first time, and the heavy degree has been divided first. This paper proposes a method of black and odorous water body recognition based on measured remote sensing reflectance, which is called saturation method, which is based on light and general water body, which is further subdivided into several categories according to spectral characteristics. The appropriate threshold value is selected for black and odour recognition, and the accuracy of the result is verified. The results show that, This method can effectively identify the black-smelly water body and the general water body in the study area. (4) A method of black-smelly water body recognition based on the measured remote sensing reflectance, the spectral index method, is proposed. The appropriate threshold value is selected for the black-odor recognition, and the accuracy of the result is verified. This method can effectively identify the black-smelly water body in the study area. The light black-smelly water body and the general water body are improved. The research results of this paper are based on the relative research foundation of remote sensing of water color in inland water body at home and abroad, which is extended to black-smelly water body and provides technical support for the national supervision of black-smelly water body.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X87;X52

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