本文選題：SWAT模型　切入點：氮磷流失　出處：《武漢大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來隨著經(jīng)濟的迅猛發(fā)展,非點源污染的問題日益凸現(xiàn)出來,產(chǎn)生了許多水環(huán)境問題。本文通過在長陽地區(qū)展開的污染源調查,確定了流域內氮磷輸入大部分來自農業(yè)施肥、畜禽養(yǎng)殖以及水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖。農業(yè)施肥氮磷輸入量達到了總氮9781t、總磷3818t,畜禽養(yǎng)殖總氮4381t,總磷1613t,但這部分氮磷在進入水體的過程中會有大幅削減,因此進入水體的數(shù)量遠不及此;而第三大氮磷輸入源水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖產(chǎn)生的813t總氮與133t總磷則直接輸入水體。本文利用SWAT模型分析了清江長陽段的非點源污染特征。利用2007-2013年隔河巖水庫出庫流量資料與2011-2013年貓子灘斷面水質資料來進行率定與驗證。經(jīng)過率定驗證,貓子灘斷面的徑流、總氮、氨氮、總磷四項指標的率定期與驗證期的決定系數(shù)R2均在0.6以上,Ens也均高于0.5,說明SWAT模型模擬結果良好,可以達到要求,在研究區(qū)域具有一定的適用性。SWAT模擬結果顯示:1)研究區(qū)域的氮磷流失的高峰時期與降雨時期基本一致,主要出現(xiàn)在4-9月,且其強度在空間上呈現(xiàn)與耕地分布一致的特征。2)支流流域總磷污染負荷呈現(xiàn)輸入雖大,輸出卻小的特征。3)總氮流失形式以硝氮為主;總磷流失形式以吸附態(tài)磷為主。4)農業(yè)施肥對總氮污染的貢獻率最高,占比約36%;水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖則對總磷污染的貢獻率最高,占比超過50%。年降雨量-氮磷年入河模數(shù)的回歸分析結果顯示,不論全流域尺度還是子流域尺度,氮磷入河模數(shù)均和年降水正相關關系十分明顯。各子流域年降雨量-總氮、總磷年入河模數(shù)回歸方程決定系數(shù)R2絕大多數(shù)高于0.6。而經(jīng)過多元回歸分析后,發(fā)現(xiàn)回歸方程的斜率K(流失強度系數(shù))、截距B(修正項)與耕地占比及不同土壤類型占比相關性較大。在對流域兩種主要土壤(黃棕壤、石灰?guī)r土)為主的子流域分別進行單獨分析后,發(fā)現(xiàn)區(qū)分土壤后得到的回歸方程斜率K、截距B與耕地占比之間線性關系的決定系數(shù)R2相比不區(qū)分土壤時整體上看得到了提升,總氮對應的K、B,其R2均從0.6左右上升到0.9以上;總磷對應的K、B其R2整體上亦有上升,但上升幅度與土壤有關。通過對石灰?guī)r土與黃棕壤的吸附態(tài)、溶解態(tài)污染物流失能力的對比分析,初步解釋了不同土壤對應的氮磷流失強度系數(shù)K與耕地比例之間線性方程形式不同的原因,并發(fā)現(xiàn)土壤的溶解態(tài)氮磷流失能力是影響耕地氮磷流失負荷強度的重要屬性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the problem of non-point source pollution has become more and more prominent, which has caused many problems of water environment. Through the investigation of pollution sources in Changyang area, it is determined that most of the input of nitrogen and phosphorus in the basin comes from agricultural fertilization. The input amount of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural fertilization reached 9781t, total phosphorus 3818t, total nitrogen 4381t, total phosphorus 1613t, but this part of nitrogen and phosphorus will be greatly reduced in the process of entering water body, so the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus entering water body is far less than this; However, 813t total nitrogen and 133t total phosphorus produced by aquaculture, the third largest nitrogen and phosphorus input source, were directly imported into water body. The characteristics of non-point source pollution in Changyang section of Qingjiang River were analyzed by using SWAT model. The discharge data of Geheyan Reservoir from 2007 to 2013 were used to analyze the characteristics of non-point source pollution. With the data of water quality of Maozi Beach section from 2011-2013 to carry out rate determination and verification. The ratio of runoff, total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus in the section of Maozi Beach were all higher than 0. 6 and the determining coefficient R2 of validation period were all above 0. 6, which indicated that the simulation results of SWAT model were good and could meet the requirements. The results of SWAT simulation show that the peak time of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in the study area is basically the same as the rainfall period, which mainly occurred in April-September. The intensity of total phosphorus pollution load in tributaries is large, but the output is small. 3) nitrate nitrogen is the main form of total nitrogen loss in the tributaries basin, and its intensity is consistent with the distribution of cultivated land. 2) the total phosphorus pollution load of the tributaries is large, but the output is small. The main form of total phosphorus loss is adsorbed phosphorus. 4) the contribution rate of agricultural fertilization to total nitrogen pollution is the highest, accounting for 36%, while aquaculture contributes the highest to total phosphorus pollution. The results of regression analysis of the annual rainfall, nitrogen and phosphorus entering the river show that there is a significant positive correlation between the nitrogen and phosphorus entering the river and the annual precipitation regardless of the scale of the whole basin or the subbasin. The determination coefficient R2 of the modulus regression equation of the annual total phosphorus is higher than 0.6. However, after multiple regression analysis, It is found that the slope K (loss intensity coefficient), intercept B (correction term) of the regression equation is highly correlated with the percentage of cultivated land and the proportion of different soil types. After separate analysis of the sub-watershed dominated by limestone soil, it was found that the slope of regression equation K, the determining coefficient R2 of linear relationship between intercept B and cultivated land ratio were improved when soil was not distinguished, as a whole, the slope of regression equation K and the coefficient R2 of linear relationship between intercept B and cultivated land ratio were obtained. The R ~ 2 of K _ (2) B corresponding to total nitrogen increased from 0.6 to more than 0.9, and that of K _ (2) to K _ (2) was also increased, but the increase was related to the soil. The adsorption state of limestone soil and yellow brown soil was obtained by means of the adsorption of K _ (2) from limestone soil to yellow brown soil. The comparative analysis of the loss capacity of dissolved pollutants preliminarily explained the different forms of linear equations between the nitrogen and phosphorus loss intensity coefficient K and the proportion of cultivated land in different soils. It was also found that the nitrogen and phosphorus loss capacity of the soil was an important attribute affecting the nitrogen and phosphorus loss load of cultivated land.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X522

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