發(fā)布時間：2018-02-24 23:34

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水基鉆井液 泥頁巖抑制劑 井壁穩(wěn)定性 聚合物　出處：《西南石油大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)今世界的石油鉆井過程當(dāng)中,常會遇到水敏性地層,地層中的泥頁巖水化膨脹會造成諸如井壁坍塌、不穩(wěn)定及卡鉆等復(fù)雜的鉆井事故,油基鉆井液對于解決這一問題是比較有效的,但其鉆屑處理難度較大,易造成環(huán)境污染,成本高且不利于提高鉆速,因此提高水基鉆井液抑制性很有必要。水基鉆井液主要依靠其中的頁巖抑制劑發(fā)揮抑制頁巖水化膨脹的作用,其中,有機(jī)陽離子頁巖抑制劑是改善水基鉆井液抑制性和抑制頁巖水化膨脹的主要抑制劑之一,對降低井下復(fù)雜情況發(fā)生的概率具有重大的作用。本文采用丙烯酰胺(AM),甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化銨(DMC),丙烯酸十八酯(SA)為單體合成了一種分子量較低陽離子的疏水型聚合物作為頁巖抑制劑,并采用單因素法優(yōu)化合成條件:以乙醇作為溶劑,引發(fā)劑BPO質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和單體質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)分別占反應(yīng)體系的0.5%和3%,其中AM占60%,DMC占38%,SA占2%,在80℃的聚合溫度下,持續(xù)反應(yīng)5h,在該條件下能獲得重均分子量為1.52× 105g/mol,頁巖滾動回收率達(dá)90.37%的頁巖抑制劑,命名為BJX-1,通過紅外光譜,核磁共振波譜和熱重分析表征聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu),證明合成的聚合物是目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物,使用"芘"作為熒光試劑,采用熒光分光光度法證明了該聚合物可以形成疏水微區(qū)。對BJX-1的頁巖滾動回收率、相對抑制率、線性膨脹率及抑制膨潤土造漿等抑制性進(jìn)行了評價,結(jié)果表明:隨著抑制劑含量的增加,頁巖滾動回收率和相對抑制率增加,表明抑制效果更好;且BJX-1表現(xiàn)出了比其他種類抑制劑更好的抑制效果,最佳加量為1%;BJX-1可以使線性膨脹率大幅降低,且在8h后基本達(dá)到穩(wěn)定;具有良好的抑制膨潤土造漿的性能,可使膨潤土加量增加到35%。對BJX-1的抗溫性和抗鹽性進(jìn)行評價,結(jié)果表明,BJX-1具有較好的耐溫性,可達(dá)120℃,并且能與無機(jī)鹽進(jìn)行良好的配伍,具有較好的抗鹽性。此外,BJX-1與鉆井液的配伍性及降濾失性的結(jié)果表明:BJX-1不但能提高鉆井液的綜合流變性,使鉆井液流變性更加穩(wěn)定,而且具有相當(dāng)好的降濾失性,具有一劑多效的作用。對在不同溶劑中的分散情況、接觸角、掃描電鏡的測試結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)BJX-1處理后的巖屑和膨潤土,表面潤濕性會發(fā)生改變,掃描電鏡中可明顯看到經(jīng)BJX-1處理后的巖屑表面會形成光滑似膜的結(jié)構(gòu)。對黏土顆粒表面Zeta電位和層間距的測定結(jié)果表明,BJX-1中的陽離子結(jié)構(gòu)可以通過分子間作用力吸附在黏土顆粒的表面,中和黏土顆粒的負(fù)電性,使得黏土顆粒的Zeta電位的絕對值降低,并且黏土的層間距減小,實(shí)驗(yàn)證明BJX-1通過這兩方面的作用達(dá)到了抑制泥頁巖水化的目的。
[Abstract]:In today's world of oil drilling, water sensitive formations are often encountered. The hydration and expansion of shale in the formation can lead to complex drilling accidents such as wellbore collapse, instability, and drilling jam. Oil based drilling fluid is effective to solve this problem, but it is difficult to deal with cuttings, which is easy to cause environmental pollution, high cost and unfavorable to improve drilling speed. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the inhibition of water-based drilling fluid. The water-base drilling fluid mainly depends on the shale inhibitor to play a role in inhibiting shale hydration expansion. Organic cation shale inhibitor is one of the main inhibitors to improve the inhibition of water-based drilling fluid and inhibit shale hydration expansion. In this paper, a kind of low molecular weight cationic acid was synthesized by using acrylamide ammoid, methacryloxy ethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) and acrylic acid (18 ester) as monomers. Hydrophobic polymers as shale inhibitors, The single factor method was used to optimize the synthesis conditions: the mass fraction of initiator BPO and monomer accounted for 0.5% and 3 of the reaction system, respectively, with ethanol as the solvent, and AM accounted for 60% of the total amount of DMC and 38% of the total amount of SA, and the polymerization temperature was 80 鈩，

本文編號：1532198