本文關鍵詞： 定向碳納米管 疊氮化銅 靜電感度 復合含能橋膜 電爆性能　出處：《南京理工大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：疊氮化銅是一種感度很高的含能材料,由于具有極高的靜電感度,從而限制其在實際中的應用。碳納米管具有優(yōu)異的導電性能,將疊氮化銅填充至碳納米管中可以有效降低其靜電感度,而且利用碳納米管的管道效應可以提高疊氮化銅的輸出威力。本文首先基于陽極氧化鋁(AAO)模板制備定向碳納米管,然后采用電化學沉積法在碳納米管中空管腔中原位生長銅,再通過氣-固疊氮化反應制備填充疊氮化銅的碳納米管復合材料,并對其進行性能研究。主要研究內(nèi)容與結果如下:(1)利用化學氣相沉積(CVD)法在AAO模板中制備了定向碳納米管陣列。結果表明,化學氣相沉積法制備的碳納米管具有兩端開口、尺寸均一和高度定向的特點,碳納米管管壁很薄僅為10nm左右,碳納米管的外徑約為250mm,XRD和拉曼測試結果表明利用AAO模板的自催化作用制備的碳納米管結晶性較差。(2)采用電化學沉積法在碳納米管中空管腔中原位生長銅,并研究電化學沉積條件(電流密度和沉積時間)對碳納米管中填充的銅的形貌影響。結果表明,電流密度較小時,碳納米管中填充的銅為針狀枝晶結構,隨著電流密度的增大,碳納米管中銅的填充密度增大,當電流密度為0.9mA/cm2,碳納米管中填充的銅為實心納米線結構;隨著沉積時間增長,碳納米管中銅的填充密度增大。最終確定電化學沉積的最佳條件為:電流密度為0.6mA/cm2,沉積時間為1h,并對此條件下制備的樣品進行疊氮化反應,得到了填充疊氮化銅的碳納米管復合材料。(3)對制備的復合材料進行靜電感度測試,結果表明,填充疊氮化銅的碳納米管復合含能材料試樣的50%靜電發(fā)火能量(3.25mJ)明顯高于疊氮化銅的50%靜電發(fā)火能量(0.2mJ)。將填充疊氮化銅的碳納米管復合材料制成電泳液,利用電泳沉積法制備碳納米管復合含能橋膜和薄膜。電爆性能測試結果表明,碳納米管復合含能橋膜電爆過程中的火焰高度更高,火焰面積更大,發(fā)火過程更為劇烈,發(fā)火持續(xù)時間更長。在相同的電爆條件下,碳納米管復合含能橋膜和Cu橋膜呈現(xiàn)不同的電爆特性,碳納米管復合含能橋膜的電爆延遲時間明顯縮短,電爆峰值溫度更高。復合含能薄膜激光點火實驗結果表明,在激光束的作用區(qū)域,復合含能薄膜可以可靠點火。
[Abstract]:Copper azide is an energetic material with high sensitivity. Because of its high electrostatic sensitivity, copper azide is limited in practical applications. Carbon nanotubes have excellent conductivity. The electrostatic sensitivity of carbon nanotubes can be effectively reduced by filling copper azide into carbon nanotubes. Moreover, the output power of copper azide can be improved by using the tube effect of carbon nanotubes. Firstly, directional carbon nanotubes are prepared based on anodic alumina (AAO) template. Then copper was grown in situ in the hollow cavity of carbon nanotubes by electrochemical deposition. Then carbon nanotube composites filled with copper azide were prepared by gas-solid azide reaction. The main contents and results are as follows: 1) the directional carbon nanotube arrays were prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method in AAO templates. The carbon nanotubes prepared by chemical vapor deposition have the characteristics of open ends, uniform size and high orientation. The wall of carbon nanotubes is only about 10 nm thin, and the outer diameter of carbon nanotubes is about 250 mm. The results of XRD and Raman measurements showed that the crystallinity of carbon nanotubes prepared by the autocatalytic reaction of AAO template was poor. 2) Copper was grown in situ in the hollow cavity of carbon nanotubes by electrochemical deposition. The effect of electrochemical deposition conditions (current density and deposition time) on the morphology of copper filled in carbon nanotubes was studied. The results showed that the copper filled in carbon nanotubes was acicular dendritic structure when the current density was low. With the increase of current density, the filling density of copper in carbon nanotubes increases. When the current density is 0.9 Ma / cm ~ 2, the copper filled in carbon nanotubes is solid nanowire structure. With the increase of deposition time, the filling density of copper in carbon nanotubes increases, and the optimum conditions for electrochemical deposition are as follows: current density is 0.6 Ma / cm ~ 2, deposition time is 1 h. The carbon nanotube composites filled with copper azide were prepared by azide reaction under these conditions. The electrostatic sensitivity of the composites was tested. The 50% electrostatic ignition energy of carbon nanotube composite materials filled with copper azide was 3.25mJ), which was significantly higher than that of copper azide (50% MJ). The carbon nanotube composite filled with copper azide was prepared into electrophoretic solution. Carbon nanotubes composite energetic bridge films and films were prepared by electrophoretic deposition. The results showed that the flame height was higher and the flame area was larger. Under the same condition, carbon nanotube composite energetic bridge film and Cu bridge film show different characteristics of electrical explosion. The delay time of electric explosion of carbon nanotube composite energetic bridge film is shortened obviously, and the peak temperature of electric explosion is higher. The experimental results of laser ignition of composite energetic film show that the laser beam acts in the region. The composite energetic film can be reliably ignited.
【學位授予單位】：南京理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ560.1

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