本文關(guān)鍵詞： 聚碳酸酯 阻燃性能 力學性能 熱穩(wěn)定性能 熱分解動力學　出處：《中北大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：由于聚碳酸酯(PC)綜合性能優(yōu)異,已經(jīng)被廣泛地應(yīng)用于國民經(jīng)濟的各領(lǐng)域中,但是PC材料易燃,垂直燃燒等級僅為UL-94 V-2級,而且其燃燒時會產(chǎn)生熔滴滴落,易引發(fā)火災(zāi)。為了滿足某些特定領(lǐng)域?qū)C的更高阻燃要求,對PC進行阻燃處理勢在必行。目前,用于阻燃PC的阻燃劑中,含鹵阻燃劑因其會對環(huán)境造成嚴重的污染而逐漸被高效、環(huán)保的無鹵阻燃劑所取代。將多種元素復(fù)配使用已經(jīng)成為無鹵阻燃領(lǐng)域的研究熱點。本論文主要依據(jù)多元素協(xié)同阻燃這一思路,研究了以下幾部分內(nèi)容:(1)以對氨基苯磺酸、馬來酸酐和9,10-二氫-9-氧雜-10-磷雜菲-10-氧化物(DOPO)、為原料,制備了一種分子結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)同時含有S、N、P三種元素的復(fù)合型阻燃劑(SNP),利用質(zhì)譜和紅外光譜對其結(jié)構(gòu)進行了表征。熱重分析法(TGA)結(jié)果表明,阻燃劑SNP具有較好的熱穩(wěn)定性,同時具備良好的成炭能力。(2)采用共混技術(shù)將阻燃劑SNP添加到PC材料中,并制備成PC/SNP的復(fù)合材料,然后利用極限氧指數(shù)法(LOI)、垂直燃燒法(UL-94)、錐形量熱測試、熱重分析測試等方法對復(fù)合材料的燃燒性能和熱穩(wěn)定性能進行了研究。測試結(jié)果表明,當SNP的添加量為0.1%時,PC/SNP體系的LOI值達到最大值34.5%,并順利通過UL-94 V-0級,SNP在添加量低于0.25%時,PC基材的力學性能幾乎不受影響。SNP的加入使PC的最大熱釋放速率和最大煙釋放速率分別降低了21.1%和25%,存在氣相和凝聚相阻燃的雙重作用。添加SNP使PC的初始分解溫度提前,促進形成連續(xù)的炭層。并且使用FlynnWall-Ozawa和Kissinger方法研究復(fù)合材料的熱分解動力學,測試結(jié)果表明SNP可使PC的熱分解活化能提高,提高了PC基材的熱穩(wěn)定性。通過紅外光譜和掃描電鏡(SEM)對LOI測試后的炭層表觀形貌進行了分析,結(jié)果表明,阻燃劑SNP添加后使PC/SNP(0.1%)體系的表面形成連續(xù)、蓬松的炭層,起到有效的隔熱隔氧效果,從而起到阻燃作用。
[Abstract]:Polycarbonate (PC) has been widely used in various fields of national economy due to its excellent comprehensive properties, but PC materials are flammable and the vertical combustion grade is only UL-94 V-2. In order to meet the requirements of higher flame retardancy of PC in some specific fields, it is imperative to treat PC with flame retardant. At present, it is used in flame retardant of PC. Halogen-containing flame retardants are becoming more and more efficient because of their serious environmental pollution. Environmental protection halogen-free flame retardants have been replaced. The combination of various elements has become a research hotspot in the field of halogen-free flame-retardant. This paper is mainly based on the idea of multi-element synergistic flame retardancy. In this paper, we studied the following parts: 1) using p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, maleic anhydride and 910-dihydro-9-oxa-phenanthroline oxide as raw materials. A composite flame retardant, SNPP, which contains three elements of Snapp in molecular structure, was prepared and characterized by mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. The results of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the structure of the compound flame retardant was characterized by TGA. Flame retardant SNP has good thermal stability and good carbonization ability. (2) the flame retardant SNP is added to PC material by blending technology, and the composite material of PC/SNP is prepared. Then, the limit oxygen index method is used to measure the cone calorimetry, and the vertical combustion method is used to measure the cone calorimetry. The combustion properties and thermal stability of the composites were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and other methods. The results showed that when the content of SNP was 0.1%. The LOI value of the PC/SNP system reached the maximum value of 34.5and passed smoothly through the UL-94 V-0 SNPs when the addition amount was lower than 0.25. The mechanical properties of PC substrates were almost unaffected by the addition of SNP, which reduced the maximum heat release rate and smoke release rate of PC by 21.1% and 25%, respectively. There is a dual effect of gas phase and condensed phase flame retardancy. The initial decomposition temperature of PC is advanced with the addition of SNP. FlynnWall-Ozawa and Kissinger methods were used to study the thermal decomposition kinetics of the composites. The results show that SNP can increase the activation energy of thermal decomposition of PC. The thermal stability of PC substrate was improved. The morphology of carbon layer tested by LOI was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The addition of flame retardant SNP makes the surface of PC / SNP0.1) system form a continuous, fluffy carbon layer, which plays an effective role in heat insulation and oxygen insulation, thus playing a role in flame retardation.
【學位授予單位】：中北大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ323.41;TQ314.248

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