本文關(guān)鍵詞： 模具 焊接 修補(bǔ) 顯微硬度　出處：《長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在制造業(yè)中,生產(chǎn)成本較高,消耗能源較大的典型代表就是模具鋼的生產(chǎn)。模具鋼的種類繁多,其中其工作環(huán)境惡劣,處在冷熱交替環(huán)境下工作,使其產(chǎn)生較大應(yīng)力及變形最終導(dǎo)致生成裂紋以及失效的就是熱作模具鋼。模具本身生產(chǎn)周期長(zhǎng),生產(chǎn)成本高,如果在其服役過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題就輕易報(bào)廢的話,會(huì)造成企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本大幅度提高,也是能源過(guò)渡消耗的一種體現(xiàn)。由于以上原因,針對(duì)模具鋼服役過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)一些龜裂等現(xiàn)象,已經(jīng)成為大多數(shù)學(xué)者研究的課題,主要研究其補(bǔ)救的方法以及提高補(bǔ)救后的使用性能。現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)由于產(chǎn)生裂紋的原因?qū)е率У臒嶙髂＞咪?普遍采用焊接技術(shù)進(jìn)行局部修復(fù),這不但為企業(yè)節(jié)約了生產(chǎn)成本,也可以最大程度控制能源上的浪費(fèi)。可是焊接修補(bǔ)不能單單起到修復(fù)裂紋這一層面,還應(yīng)重視修復(fù)后熱作模具鋼的使用性能,在焊接修復(fù)過(guò)程中應(yīng)充分考慮到熱作模具鋼的焊接性,針對(duì)性設(shè)計(jì)工藝,使修復(fù)后的熱作模具鋼能夠滿足其服役需求。H13熱作模具鋼作為最具有代表性的熱作模具鋼,在機(jī)械加工制造業(yè)中使用十分廣泛。由于其服役環(huán)境一直處于冷熱交替的狀態(tài)下,會(huì)使其內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生比較復(fù)雜的應(yīng)力及裂紋,有時(shí)嚴(yán)重會(huì)致使整個(gè)模具失效。因熱作模具鋼其本身價(jià)格昂貴,模具制造生產(chǎn)過(guò)程復(fù)雜,如果只因?yàn)槟骋惶幃a(chǎn)生裂紋而放棄使用,會(huì)使企業(yè)生產(chǎn)成本大幅度提高。所以解決磨損或裂紋造成失效后的修復(fù)問(wèn)題,以及延長(zhǎng)模具的服役期限有著重要的意義。本文以H13(4Cr5Mo Si V1)鋼為研究對(duì)象,針對(duì)熱作模具鋼中Cr、Mo、V等主要化學(xué)元素對(duì)H13鋼焊接性能的影響,以及焊接材料和焊接工藝對(duì)焊縫組織及性能的影響,采用鎢極氬弧焊方法對(duì)H13熱作模具鋼進(jìn)行焊接修復(fù)。根據(jù)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中的修補(bǔ)方法和使用要求,確定了H13鋼的焊接工藝以及焊后熱處理工藝,表征了焊縫微觀組織及力學(xué)性能。使用三種不同的焊絲分別在有預(yù)熱以及無(wú)預(yù)熱溫度下進(jìn)行焊接。應(yīng)用洛氏硬度計(jì)及顯微硬度計(jì)對(duì)焊接后的試樣進(jìn)行力學(xué)性能綜合檢測(cè);應(yīng)用金相顯微鏡對(duì)焊接后的試樣進(jìn)行焊縫形貌觀察。分析了預(yù)熱溫度對(duì)焊縫組織和力學(xué)性能的影響。研究結(jié)果表明:與H13鋼焊絲相比,采用自制藥芯焊絲焊接試樣的晶粒更細(xì)小,顯微硬度分布更均勻,減少了焊縫及熱影響區(qū)的應(yīng)力集中,增加了修補(bǔ)后模具的使用壽命。預(yù)熱對(duì)照組實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:H13鋼焊絲預(yù)熱焊接試樣的晶粒略細(xì)小,自制藥芯焊絲預(yù)熱焊接試樣的晶粒也略有減小,說(shuō)明焊前預(yù)熱也可以在一定程度上起到細(xì)化晶粒的作用。
[Abstract]:In the manufacturing industry, the typical representative of high production cost and large energy consumption is the production of die steel. There are many kinds of die steel, among which the working environment is bad, and it works under the alternate environment of cold and heat. The hot work die steel is the main cause of crack and failure. The mould itself has a long production cycle and high production cost, if there is a problem in the service process, it will be easily scrapped. Will cause the enterprise production costs to be greatly increased, is also a manifestation of energy consumption. As a result of the above reasons, there are some cracks in the service process of die steel. It has become a research topic of most scholars, mainly studying the methods of remediation and improving the performance of the remediation. Nowadays, most hot work die steels which have failed due to cracks have been produced. Welding technology is widely used for partial repair, which not only saves the production cost for enterprises, but also can control the waste of energy to the maximum extent. However, welding repair can not only repair the crack level. Attention should also be paid to the performance of hot-working die steel after repair. The weldability of hot-working die steel should be fully considered and the targeted design process should be taken into account in the process of welding and repairing. The repaired hot work die steel can meet its service requirement. H13 hot work die steel as the most representative hot work die steel. It is widely used in the mechanical manufacturing industry. Because of its service environment has been in the state of alternating between cold and heat, it will produce more complex stress and crack inside. Sometimes the whole die will fail seriously. Because of the high price of hot work die steel, the manufacturing process of die is complicated, if it is abandoned because of the crack in one place. The cost of production will be greatly increased. Therefore, the repair problem after failure caused by wear or crack can be solved. It is of great significance to extend the service life of die. In this paper, H134Cr5Mo Si V 1) steel is taken as the research object, aiming at Cr-Mo in hot working die steel. The influence of V and other main chemical elements on the welding properties of H13 steel, and the influence of welding materials and welding process on the microstructure and properties of the weld. The welding repair of H13 hot working die steel was carried out by TIG welding. According to the repair method and application requirement in actual production, the welding process and post-welding heat treatment process of H13 steel were determined. The microstructure and mechanical properties of weld seam were characterized. Three kinds of welding wires were used to weld with or without preheating temperature respectively. The mechanical properties of welded samples were synthesized by Rockwell hardness meter and microhardness meter. Combined detection; The effect of preheating temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld was analyzed by metallographic microscope. The results showed that the microstructure of the weld was compared with that of the H13 steel wire. Using self-made flux-cored wire welding sample, the grain size is smaller and the microhardness distribution is more uniform, which reduces the stress concentration of weld and heat-affected zone. The experimental results of preheating control group show that the grain of preheated welding sample of WH13 steel wire is slightly smaller, and that of self-made flux-cored wire preheated welding sample is also slightly reduced. It shows that preheating before welding can also play the role of grain refinement to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)春工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TG457.11

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